Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33790591›Full record

ArticleInfection and drug resistance2021

Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Prescribers: Current Status of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Egypt.

Rehab El-Sokkary, Rania Kishk, Sally Mohy El-Din, Nader Nemr, Nageh Mahrous, Mostafa Alfishawy, Samar Morsi, Wael Abdalla, Mohamed Ahmed, Rehab Tash

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. IJID regions · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rehab El-SokkaryMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-8135-7671
Rania KishkMicrobiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-8235-3103
Sally Mohy El-DinMinistry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
Nader NemrEndemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Nageh MahrousEndemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-1026-669X
Mostafa AlfishawyInfectious Diseases Consultants and Academic Researchers of Egypt (IDCARE), Cairo, Egypt.
Samar MorsiMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-3265-2743
Wael AbdallaGeneral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Mohamed AhmedObstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Rehab TashMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-1887-4967

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rising worldwide. One of the most significant factors influencing antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries is the lack of the skills and knowledge of health care providers for proper antimicrobial use.

aimTo identify knowledge, characterize practices and describe the attitude of Egyptian prescribers towards antibiotic use.

methodsA self-administered validated questionnaire was distributed among Egyptian prescribers.

resultsFive hundred Egyptian physicians responded to the questionnaire, 113 (22.6%) reported having Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) at their workplace, 99 (19.8%) use international antibiotic guidelines as the main source for prescribing activity, 358 (71.6%) recorded adequate knowledge. Elder prescribers and those who work in private or university hospitals were significantly more knowledgeable (p=0.031 and 0.001, respectively). Forty-seven (9.4%) showed a positive attitude towards proper antibiotic prescription. The type of work institution; primary health clinics and private, or university hospital and the specialty are significantly associated with a positive attitude (p=0.009 and 0.015, respectively). Seventy-eight (15.6%) expressed a proper antibiotic prescription practice. Elder age, more experienced and trained prescribers showed more proper practice. The implementation of ASP and using proper sources of information were significantly associated with proper practice (p=0.012 and 0.008, respectively).

conclusionEgyptian prescribers have a good level of knowledge about antibiotics. However, low rates of positive attitude and proper practice towards the problem of AMR and ASP are recorded.

Indexed as

antibioticslow- and middle-income countriesmultidrug resistanceprescribersresistancestewardship

Identifiers

PMID33790591
PMCPMC8007586

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.