ReviewAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology2021
The Role of Obesity in the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 Respiratory Disease and Critical Illness.
Review in American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- CT-adipose measures identify severe SARS-CoV-2 risk beyond traditional obesity metrics: a C4R cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Elevated body mass index is associated with delayed protective airway mucosal immune responses in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Hidden Hunger in Pediatric Obesity: Redefining Malnutrition Through Macronutrient Quality and Micronutrient Deficiency.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Factors associated with small airway obstruction in COVID-19 survivors: A cross-sectional study among health-care providers.Narra J · 2023Article
- A Longitudinal Study in Turkiye of Host Ability to Produce Antibodies following a Third Homologous BNT162b2 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2023Article
- COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug - nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D.Human nutrition & metabolism · 2023Review
- Adiponectin, Leptin, and Resistin Are Dysregulated in Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Asthma 17q21 polymorphism associates with decreased risk of COVID-19 in children.Pediatric pulmonology · 2022Article
- Obesity, Hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19: the Bermuda Triangle in Public Health.Current obesity reports · 2022Review
- Obesity and Coronavirus Disease 2019.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2022Article
- Pathogenic Connections in Post-COVID Conditions: What Do We Know in the Large Unknown? A Narrative Review.Viruses · 2022Review
- Clinical, Immunological, and Virological SARS-CoV-2 Phenotypes in Obese and Nonobese Military Health System Beneficiaries.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Recent Progress in Metabolic Syndrome Research and Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the clinical syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a global health pandemic with substantial morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 has cast a shadow on nearly every aspect of society, straining health systems and economies across the world. Although it is widely accepted that a close relationship exists between obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders on infection, we are only beginning to understand ways in which the immunological sequelae of obesity functions as a predisposing factor related to poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19. As both the innate and adaptive immune systems are each primed by obesity, the alteration of key pathways results in both an immunosuppressed and hyperinflammatory state. The present review will discuss the cellular and molecular immunology of obesity in the context of its role as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, discuss the role of cytokine storm, and draw parallels to prior viral epidemics such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and 2009 H1N1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.