ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Atypical Antipsychotics and Metabolic Syndrome: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Differences.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06590298 (Evaluating the Effects of Adjunctive Aripiprazole on Weight and Metabolic Outcomes in Females Receiving Atypical Antipsychotics), which is not on this map. Cited by 136 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating the Effects of Adjunctive Aripiprazole on Weight and Metabolic Outcomes in Females Receiving Atypical Antipsychotics: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic complications in individuals with a first-episode psychosis and minimal antipsychotic exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Mendelian Randomization Studies of Major Depressive Disorder, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Cancers: A PRISMA Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2025Pooled it
- Protein Spatial Structure Meets Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing Drug Synergy-Antagonism in Precision Medicine.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Pooled it
- Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) Identifies Novel Genetic Loci for Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGA)-Induced Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).Clinical and translational science · 2025Pooled it
- Persimmon leaf extract in dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Serum Prolactin Levels in Children and Adolescents on Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Side Effects of Psychotropic Medications Experienced by a Community Sample of People Living With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Trial
- Effects of Adjunctive Betahistine Therapy on Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Trial
- Antioxidant Enzymes and Weight Gain in Drug-naive First-episode Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Risperidone for 12 Weeks: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Trial
- Review
- Metabolic syndrome-associated gut microbiota and plasma metabolite profiles in schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Effects of Antipsychotic Dose Reduction on Movement Disorders and Cardiometabolic Indices in Patients Remitted from a First Episode of Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Psychosis in multiple sclerosis-a narrative review of an underestimated, but clinically significant problem.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Protein glycoxidation in neuropsychiatric disorders-from basic research to clinical practice.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Multi-Target Cardioprotective Potential of Garcinia indica Choisy in Olanzapine-Induced Cardiometabolic Dysregulation: Evidence From Computational and Experimental Insights in H9c2(2-1) Cells.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Associations between psychiatric disorders and medication use, and retinal occlusion: a large-scale retrospective cohort study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Psychotropic drug-induced weight gain and untargeted metabolomics: machine learning-driven results from a prospective cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are commonly prescribed medications to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and other psychotic disorders. However, they might cause metabolic syndrome (MetS) in terms of weight gain, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and high blood pressure, which are responsible for reduced life expectancy and poor adherence. Importantly, there is clear evidence that early metabolic disturbances can precede weight gain, even if the latter still remains the hallmark of AAPs use. In fact, AAPs interfere profoundly with glucose and lipid homeostasis acting mostly on hypothalamus, liver, pancreatic β-cells, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Their actions on hypothalamic centers via dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine receptors affect neuropeptides and 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, thus producing a supraphysiological sympathetic outflow augmenting levels of glucagon and hepatic glucose production. In addition, altered insulin secretion, dyslipidemia, fat deposition in the liver and adipose tissues, and insulin resistance become aggravating factors for MetS. In clinical practice, among AAPs, olanzapine and clozapine are associated with the highest risk of MetS, whereas quetiapine, risperidone, asenapine and amisulpride cause moderate alterations. The new AAPs such as ziprasidone, lurasidone and the partial agonist aripiprazole seem more tolerable on the metabolic profile. However, these aspects must be considered together with the differences among AAPs in terms of their efficacy, where clozapine still remains the most effective. Intriguingly, there seems to be a correlation between AAP's higher clinical efficacy and increase risk of metabolic alterations. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach combining psychoeducation and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is proposed as a first-line strategy to avoid the MetS. In addition, pharmacological treatments are discussed as well.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.