Evidence mapPaperPMID 33801767Full record

Trial reportNutrients2021

Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental Stress in Young Healthy Adults.

Rosalind Baynham, Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Paul W Johns, Quang S Pham, Catarina Rendeiro

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Review
  8. The acute effects of Zensera™ (Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Rosalind BaynhamSchool of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5234-2369
Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van ZantenSchool of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Paul W JohnsAbbott-Nutrition Division, Research and Development, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA.
Quang S PhamAbbott-Nutrition Division, Research and Development, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA.
Catarina RendeiroSchool of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
University of Birmingham · GBAbbott (United States) · US

Funding

College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham Start-up Award, PI: CR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mental stress has been shown to induce cardiovascular events, likely due to its negative impact on vascular function. Flavanols, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, improve endothelial function and blood pressure (BP) in humans, however their effects during stress are not known. This study examined the effects of acute intake of cocoa flavanols on stress-induced changes on vascular function. In a randomised, controlled, double-blind, cross-over intervention study, 30 healthy men ingested a cocoa flavanol beverage (high-flavanol: 150 mg vs. low-flavanol < 4 mg (-)-epicatechin) 1.5 h before an 8-min mental stress task). Forearm blood flow (FBF), BP, and cardiovascular activity were assessed pre- and post-intervention, both at rest and during stress. Endothelial function (brachial flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) and brachial BP were measured before the intervention and 30 and 90 min post-stress. FMD was impaired 30 min post-stress, yet high-flavanol cocoa attenuated this decline and remained significantly higher compared to low-flavanol cocoa at 90 min post-stress. High-flavanol cocoa increased FBF at rest and during stress. Stress-induced cardiovascular and BP responses were similar in both conditions. Flavanols are effective at counteracting mental stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and improving peripheral blood flow during stress. These findings suggest the use of flavanol-rich dietary strategies to protect vascular health during stress.

Indexed as

AdultBlood PressureBrachial ArteryChocolateCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodFlavonolsHumansMaleStress, PsychologicalVasodilationFlavonolscocoa flavanolsendothelial functionforearm blood flowmental stress

Identifiers

PMID33801767
PMCPMC8065749
OpenAlexW3148265704

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.