Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33803185›Full record

ReviewCells2021

The Nigral Coup in Parkinson's Disease by α-Synuclein and Its Associated Rebels.

Jeswinder Sian-Hulsmann, Peter Riederer

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Salidroside Protects Against Simazine-Induced Neurotoxicity by ActivatingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. The brain and heart-axis in neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. The 'α-synucleinopathy syndicate': multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. A brief history of brain iron accumulation in Parkinson disease and related disorders.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022
    Review
  13. Neuromelanin in Parkinson's Disease: Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Tyrosinase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Jeswinder Sian-HulsmannDepartment of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Peter RiedererClinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
Universitätsklinikum Würzburg · DEUniversity of Nairobi · KE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The risk of Parkinson's disease increases with age. However, the etiology of the illness remains obscure. It appears highly likely that the neurodegenerative processes involve an array of elements that influence each other. In addition, genetic, endogenous, or exogenous toxins need to be considered as viable partners to the cellular degeneration. There is compelling evidence that indicate the key involvement of modified α-synuclein (Lewy bodies) at the very core of the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein may be a consequence of some genetic defect or/and a failure of the protein clearance system. Importantly, α-synuclein pathology appears to be a common denominator for many cellular deleterious events such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine synaptic dysregulation, iron dyshomeostasis, and neuroinflammation. These factors probably employ a common apoptotic/or autophagic route in the final stages to execute cell death. The misfolded α-synuclein inclusions skillfully trigger or navigate these processes and thus amplify the dopamine neuron fatalities. Although the process of neuroinflammation may represent a secondary event, nevertheless, it executes a fundamental role in neurodegeneration. Some viral infections produce parkinsonism and exhibit similar characteristic neuropathological changes such as a modest brain dopamine deficit and α-synuclein pathology. Thus, viral infections may heighten the risk of developing PD. Alternatively, α-synuclein pathology may induce a dysfunctional immune system. Thus, sporadic Parkinson's disease is caused by multifactorial trigger factors and metabolic disturbances, which need to be considered for the development of potential drugs in the disorder.

Indexed as

alpha-SynucleinAnimalsDopaminergic NeuronsHumansInflammationParkinson DiseaseRisk FactorsSubstantia Nigraalpha-Synucleinaging and cell deathalpha-synucleingeneticsimmunologyironneuroinflammationParkinson’s diseasesubstantia nigraviruses

Identifiers

PMID33803185
PMCPMC8000327
OpenAlexW3134847088

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.