ReviewBrain sciences2021
Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: The Immunotherapeutic Approach (Part I).
Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene Polymorphisms Increasing the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: Interleukin-1β -511C>T (Part I).Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Pooled it
- Gene Polymorphisms Increasing the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: Interleukin-6 -174G>C and -572G>C (Part II).Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Pooled it
- Glioma tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy: past, present, and future.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Glucose and antidiabetic therapy in temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Pericytes Are Immunoregulatory Cells in Glioma Genesis and Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Review
- Brain AVMs-Related microRNAs: Machine Learning Algorithm for Expression Profiles of Target Genes.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Immune Landscape in PTEN-Related Glioma Microenvironment: A Bioinformatic Analysis.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- An Overview of The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Epileptogenesis and Its Terapeutic Implications.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- PRES-like leukoencephalopathy presenting with status epilepticus associated with Brentuximab Vedotin treatment.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- Therapeutic aspects of Sydenham's Chorea: an update.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Review
- Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: Gene Therapies (Part II).Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Shedding the Light on the Natural History of Intracranial Aneurysms: An Updated Overview.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The resilience of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) against conventional chemotherapies is due to their heterogeneous genetic landscape, adaptive phenotypic changes, and immune escape mechanisms. Innovative immunotherapies have been developed to counteract the immunosuppressive capability of gliomas. Nevertheless, further research is needed to assess the efficacy of the immuno-based approach. The aim of this study is to review the newest immunotherapeutic approaches for glioma, focusing on the drug types, mechanisms of action, clinical pieces of evidence, and future challenges. A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis)-based literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using the keywords "active/adoptive immunotherapy," "monoclonal antibodies," "vaccine," and "engineered T cell.", combined with "malignant brain tumor", "high-grade glioma." Only articles written in English published in the last 10 years were selected, filtered based on best relevance. Active immunotherapies include systemic temozolomide, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. In several preclinical and clinical trials, adoptive immunotherapies, including T, natural killer, and natural killer T engineered cells, have been shown to be potential treatment options for relapsing gliomas. Systemic temozolomide is considered the backbone for newly diagnosed HGGs. Bevacizumab and rindopepimut are promising second-line treatments. Adoptive immunotherapies have been proven for relapsing tumors, but further evidence is needed.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.