ReviewGenes2021
Decipher the Glioblastoma Microenvironment: The First Milestone for New Groundbreaking Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in Genes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modifiable risk factors for glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2023Pooled it
- The role of exosomes in brain tumors: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic prospects.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Liquid biopsy in breast cancer: Redefining precision medicine.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2025Review
- Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- From Gut to Brain: The Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Brain Cancer.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- Single-cell and machine learning-based pyroptosis-related gene signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Expression of Lumican and Osteopontin in Perivascular Areas of the Glioblastoma Peritumoral Niche and Its Value for Prognosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Current progress of anti‑PD‑1/PDL1 immunotherapy for glioblastoma (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2024Review
- Pulsed focused ultrasound alters the proteomic profile of the tumor microenvironment in a syngeneic mouse model of glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory R848-Loaded Anti-PD-L1-Conjugated Reduced Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots for Photothermal Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Review
- Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Macrophages in Recurrent Glioblastoma as a Prognostic Factor in the Synergistic System of the Tumor Microenvironment.Neurology international · 2023Review
- Article
- Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- CAR-NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: what to do next?Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- A prognostic NAD+ metabolism-related gene signature for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitor in glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Despite the combination of novel therapeutical approaches, it remains a deadly malignancy with an abysmal prognosis. GBM is a polymorphic tumour from both molecular and histological points of view. It consists of different malignant cells and various stromal cells, contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. GBM's microenvironment is multifaceted and is made up of soluble factors, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cell types (e.g., neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts) together with resident (e.g., microglia) or recruited (e.g., bone marrow-derived macrophages) immune cells. These latter constitute the so-called immune microenvironment, accounting for a substantial GBM's tumour volume. Despite the abundance of immune cells, an intense state of tumour immunosuppression is promoted and developed; this represents the significant challenge for cancer cells' immune-mediated destruction. Though literature data suggest that distinct GBM's subtypes harbour differences in their microenvironment, its role in treatment response remains obscure. However, an in-depth investigation of GBM's microenvironment may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities to improve patients' outcomes. This review will elucidate the GBM's microenvironment composition, highlighting the current state of the art in immunotherapy approaches. We will focus on novel strategies of active and passive immunotherapies, including vaccination, gene therapy, checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.