ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Exosomes: Small EVs with Large Immunomodulatory Effect in Glioblastoma.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles in Diffuse Midline Glioma: Emerging Mediators of Radiation Response and Therapeutic Resistance.Cancers · 2026Review
- Current strategies and novel immunotherapeutic approaches for overcoming immune resistance in glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- The role of lncRNAs in AKI and CKD: Molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Current Understanding of the Exosomes and Their Associated Biomolecules in the Glioblastoma Biology, Clinical Treatment, and Diagnosis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory effects and clinical application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells.World journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- Therapeutic and diagnostic implications of exosomes as natural nanoparticles: a new paradigm in brain cancer disease management.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Influencing immunity: role of extracellular vesicles in tumor immune checkpoint dynamics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in glioma.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry.Cells · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles as modulators of glioblastoma progression and tumor microenvironment.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2024Review
- Exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: functions, challenges, and potential applications.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Spheresomes are the main extracellular vesicles in low-grade gliomas.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exosomes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools in Gliomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems in Brain Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Effects of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles on the functions of immune cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments.Membranes · 2022Review
- Dynamic Intercell Communication between Glioblastoma and Microenvironment through Extracellular Vesicles.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Exosome CTLA-4 Regulates PTEN/CD44 Signal Pathway in Spleen Deficiency Internal Environment to Promote Invasion and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastomas are among the most aggressive tumors, and with low survival rates. They are characterized by the ability to create a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (EVs), mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment by transporting various biomolecules (RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids), therefore playing a prominent role in tumor proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy or radiation. Exosomes are found in all body fluids and can cross the blood-brain barrier due to their nanoscale size. Recent studies have highlighted the multiple influences of tumor-derived exosomes on immune cells. Owing to their structural and functional properties, exosomes can be an important instrument for gaining a better molecular understanding of tumors. Furthermore, they qualify not only as diagnostic and prognostic markers, but also as tools in therapies specifically targeting aggressive tumor cells, like glioblastomas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.