ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Mapping of Microglial Brain Region, Sex and Age Heterogeneity in Obesity.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between polygenic risk for obesity, body mass index and cognitive performance: Age as moderating factor.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- BMI-genome interactions regulate global gene expression with emphasis in brain and gut.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune, metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in major depressive disorder.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Interactions between menopause and high-fat diet on cognition and pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex and Region-Specific Differences in Microglial Morphology and Function Across Development.Neuroglia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of metabolic syndrome on the cerebral cortex: a Mendelian randomization study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Obesity-induced inflammation: connecting the periphery to the brain.Nature metabolism · 2024Review
- Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, as a threat for blood brain barrier integrity.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Review
- Possible Implications of Obesity-Primed Microglia that Could Contribute to Stroke-Associated Damage.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Sex differences in the effects of high fat diet on underlying neuropathology in a mouse model of VCID.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Biogenic Amine Levels Markedly Increase in the Aqueous Humor of Individuals with Controlled Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Loss of Microglial Insulin Receptor Leads to Sex-Dependent Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Obese Brain: Mechanisms of Systemic and Local Inflammation, and Interventions to Reverse the Cognitive Deficit.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in recent years and has put a huge burden on healthcare worldwide. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for many comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The hypothalamus is a key brain region involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Research on experimental animals has shown neuronal loss, as well as microglial activation in the hypothalamus, due to dietary-induced obesity. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are responsible for maintaining the brain homeostasis and, thus, providing an optimal environment for neuronal function. Interestingly, in obesity, microglial cells not only get activated in the hypothalamus but in other brain regions as well. Obesity is also highly associated with changes in hippocampal function, which could ultimately result in cognitive decline and dementia. Moreover, changes have also been reported in the striatum and cortex. Microglial heterogeneity is still poorly understood, not only in the context of brain region but, also, age and sex. This review will provide an overview of the currently available data on the phenotypic differences of microglial innate immunity in obesity, dependent on brain region, sex and age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.