ReviewPharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers in COVID-19 Prevention: A Multidimensional Perspective.
Review in Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensitivity Evaluation of Enveloped and Non-enveloped Viruses to Ethanol Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review.Food and environmental virology · 2024Pooled it
- Wet wipes from Citrus limon sanitizer and banana fiber nonwovens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Presence and Dermal Exposure to Benzene and Acetaldehyde in Hand Sanitizers Available in Taiwan.Toxics · 2025Article
- Adaptive laboratory evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK 113-7D to enhance ethanol tolerance.FEMS yeast research · 2025Article
- Alcohol in Daily Products: Health Risks, Cultural Considerations, and Economic Impacts.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Review
- Determination of volatile impurities and ethanol content in ethanol-based hand sanitizers: Compliance and toxicity.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- A critical evaluation of contents, labeling, and cost of hand sanitizers marketed in India during COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- The Ongoing Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Obesity.Pediatric reports · 2024Review
- Efficacy of a New Alcohol-Free Organic Acid-Based Hand Sanitizer against Foodborne Pathogens.Toxics · 2023Article
- Factors associated with better alcohol hand rub in 2020. Results from the French national audit "Pulpe'friction".Journal of infection prevention · 2023Article
- Hand Sanitizer Gels: Classification, Challenges, and the Future of Multipurpose Hand Hygiene Products.Toxics · 2023Review
- Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivity Evaluation ofMarine drugs · 2023Article
- Effect of Long-Term Use of Alcohol-Containing Handwashing Gels on the Biofilm-Forming Capacity ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Non-Alcohol Hand Sanitiser Gels with Mandelic Acid and Essential Oils.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Pollution free UV-C radiation to mitigate COVID-19 transmission.Gondwana research : international geoscience journal · 2023Article
- Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID-19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety.ChemistrySelect · 2022Article
- Assessment of compliance to packaging and labeling regulatory requirements of locally manufactured alcohol-based hand sanitizers marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Evaluation of quality and antimicrobial efficacy of locally manufactured alcohol-based hand sanitizers marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in the era of COVID-19.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- The Importance of Behavioral and Native Factors on COVID-19 Infection and Severity: Insights from a Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A novel property of hexokinase inhibition by Favipiravir and proposed advantages over Molnupiravir and 2 Deoxy D glucose in treating COVID-19.Biotechnology letters · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) as an important means of controlling the transmission of infectious disease has increased significantly as governments and public health agencies across the world advocated hand hygiene as a preventative measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the performance of these products is most commonly defined as a function of their alcohol concentration, they are multifaceted products in which an interplay of several factors is important in determining efficacy. This paper discusses the interplay between ABHS input (formulation) factors and output (product performance) factors in the context of a multidimensional perspective using a novel representative paradigm. In the model, represented in the form of a three-dimensional tetrahedron, each of the faces represents inputs in the manufacturing of the ABHS product, which are the type and amount of alcohol, the inactive ingredients, the formulation and the manufacturing practices. The four corners of the tetrahedron represent the product performance factors which include product efficacy, sensory characteristics, usage and compliance and product safety. The multidimensional approach to the formulation and evaluation of ABHS shows that several factors contribute to the effectiveness and utility of these products. The paradigm provides a useful framework for manufacturers of ABHS and related healthcare products.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.