ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Narrative Review.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 134000 Individuals in 29 Randomized Clinical Trials and 157000 Individuals in 30 Prospective Cohort Studies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Low vitamin D levels are linked with increased cardiovascular disease risk in young adults: a sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Trial
- Effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and a simple strength exercise programme in cardiovascular disease prevention: The DO-HEALTH randomized controlled trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Trial
- Effect of vitamin DJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Trial
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on 24-Hour Blood Pressure in Patients with Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Heparanase, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Risk: The Emerging Role of Vitamin D.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Mortality and Seizure Risk After Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Improved hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory instability with vitamin D supplementation in an obstructive sleep apnea rat models.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of the national vitamin D supplementation program: evaluation of children aged 0-3 years in Karabük province.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Systemic Outcomes in Patients with Glaucoma: A Real-World Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Association between vitamin D and inflammatory markers in the Chinese healthy adult population: a cross-sectional study.Food & nutrition research · 2026Article
- Serum Levels of Calcium, Phosphate, and Vitamin D and Incident Arrhythmias: A Prospective Cohort Study of 348,094 UK Biobank Participants.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: The "Good", the "Bad", and the "Unknown".Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with apolipoprotein A1 levels in patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association to modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease among apparently healthy adults in Central Kerala.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Prevention of chronic disease using vitamins-a case study of the vitamin D and cardiovascular disease hypothesis using evidence from randomised controlled and prospective cohort studies.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Post-genome-wide association study dissects genetic vulnerability and risk gene expression of Sjögren's disease for cardiovascular disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the last two decades, the potential impact of vitamin D on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rigorously studied. Data regarding the effect of vitamin D on CVD risk are puzzling: observational data indicate an inverse nonlinear association between vitamin D status and CVD events, with the highest CVD risk at severe vitamin D deficiency; however, preclinical data and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show several beneficial effects of vitamin D on the surrogate parameters of vascular and cardiac function. By contrast, Mendelian randomization studies and large RCTs in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease, a high-risk group for CVD events, largely report no significant beneficial effect of vitamin D treatment on CVD events. In patients with rickets and osteomalacia, cardiovascular complications are infrequently reported, except for an increased risk of heart failure. In conclusion, there is no strong evidence for beneficial vitamin D effects on CVD risk, either in the general population or in high-risk groups. Whether some subgroups such as individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency or a combination of low vitamin D status with specific gene variants and/or certain nutrition/lifestyle factors would benefit from vitamin D (metabolite) administration, remains to be studied.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.