ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Involvement of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Macular Edema.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05736081 (Short-term Effect of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short-term Effect of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety profile of intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment in diabetic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Intravitreal aflibercept 8 mg in patients from Japan with diabetic macular edema: 48-week subgroup analysis of the PHOTON trial.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Aqueous humour interleukin-6 and vision outcomes with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.Eye (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Aflibercept monotherapy versus aflibercept with targeted retinal laser to peripheral retinal ischemia for diabetic macular oedema (LADAMO).Eye (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Correlation between aqueous humour cytokine and imaging biomarker in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion-Macular Edema.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The positive correlation between the progressive photoreceptor damage and the increased macular leakage indicating the severity of diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Association of systemic inflammatory indices and body mass index with diabetic macular edema in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Angiogenesis and inflammation in the retinopathy risk of insulin and semaglutide - a review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Imaging Hypoxia in the Diabetic Retina: A Potential Early-Detection Imaging Biomarker Before Detectable Retinopathy in Diabetes.Diabetes · 2026Article
- Long-Term Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant Monotherapy in Naïve Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Systemic-retinal inflammatory crosstalk in diabetic macular edema: correlation between hematologic indices and macular OCT-features.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Real‑world analysis of Macular Oedema associated with Paclitaxel Formulations using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.PloS one · 2026Article
- Modulation of aqueous humor cytokine profile by faricimab in patients with diabetic macular edema.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Development and Novel Therapeutics in Diabetic Retinopathy.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Blood Cell-Derived Inflammatory Indices in Diabetic Macular Edema: Clinical Significance and Prognostic Relevance.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of CT-P42 in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: 52-Week Results from a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- One-year results of visual response following intravitreal novel anti-VEGF injection for diabetic macular edema in a Latino population.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Macular Edema in Diabetic Neovascular Glaucoma and Its Association with Systemic Diseases.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Article
- Recent advances in engineered exosome-based therapies for ocular vascular disease.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a critical complication of diabetic retinopathy, a condition that arises from the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and the consequent increase in vascular permeability. Over the years, attempts have been made to treat DME by various approaches, including laser photocoagulation, steroid triamcinolone acetonide, and vitrectomy. However, treatment was unsatisfactory until research identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a factor in the pathogenesis of DME. Intraocular anti-VEGF agents show good efficacy in DME. Nevertheless, in some patients the condition recurs or becomes resistant to treatment, suggesting that other factors may be involved. Because inflammation and retinal hypoxia are seen in DME, research has examined the potential role of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. In this review, we provide an overview of this research and describe feedback mechanisms that may represent a target for novel treatments.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.