ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2021
Importance of the route of insulin delivery to its control of glucose metabolism.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Levels of circulating semaglutide determine reductions in HbA1c and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- Small Intestine-Targeted Long-Acting Oral Insulin Formulation Based on Engineered Milk Protein Nanoparticles.ACS applied bio materials · 2026Article
- Advanced Dialogues: From Laboratory to Clinics: Plant Cell-Based Affordable Biologics.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Improved Afternoon Hepatic Glucose Disposal and Storage Requires Morning Engagement of Hepatic Insulin Receptors.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Morning Engagement of Hepatic Insulin Receptors Improves Afternoon Hepatic Glucose Disposal and Storage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Delivery of biologics: Topical administration.Biomaterials · 2023Review
- Insulin Therapy for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review of Innovative Treatment Strategies.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Review
- Affordable oral proinsulin bioencapsulated in plant cells regulates blood sugar levels similar to natural insulin.Biomaterials · 2023Article
- Liver insulinization as a driver of triglyceride dysmetabolism.Nature metabolism · 2023Review
- Article
- Gut microbiota composition alteration analysis and functional categorization in children with growth hormone deficiency.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Ligand-switchable nanoparticles resembling viral surface for sequential drug delivery and improved oral insulin therapy.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Dual-hormone artificial pancreas for management of type 1 diabetes: Recent progress and future directions.Artificial organs · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic insulin secretion produces an insulin gradient at the liver compared with the rest of the body (approximately 3:1). This physiological distribution is lost when insulin is injected subcutaneously, causing impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production and whole body glucose uptake, as well as arterial hyperinsulinemia. Thus, the hepatoportal insulin gradient is essential to the normal control of glucose metabolism during both fasting and feeding. Insulin can regulate hepatic glucose production and uptake through multiple mechanisms, but its direct effects on the liver are dominant under physiological conditions. Given the complications associated with iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia in patients treated with insulin, insulin designed to preferentially target the liver may have therapeutic advantages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.