ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
Growth Hormone/Insulin Growth Factor Axis in Sex Steroid Associated Disorders and Related Cancers.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Comprehensive evaluation of the prevalent insulin resistance indices for pan-cancer incidence and mortality prediction.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Aromatase enzyme deficiency in an adult male patient and the effects of estrogen replacement therapy: a rare cause of tall stature.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Beneath the Surface: The Emerging Role of Ultra-Processed Foods in Obesity-Related Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- From pituitary cells to prostate gland in health and disease: direct and indirect endocrine connections.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP)-2 in DNA Repair and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2024Article
- A review of complex hormone regulation in thyroid cancer: novel insights beyond the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Association of rare, recurrent nonsynonymous variants in the germline of prostate cancer patients of African ancestry.The Prostate · 2023Article
- Review
- Low energy availability reduces bone mass and gonadal function in male mice.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2023Article
- Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic Signature and Growth Factor Regulation of Castration-Tolerant Prostate Luminal Progenitor Cells.Cancers · 2022Article
- Article
- SRSF-1 and microvessel density immunohistochemical analysis by semi-automated tissue microarray in prostate cancer patients with diabetes (DIAMOND study).The Prostate · 2021Article
- Hepatocrinology.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Male Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Oestradiol Levels.Journal of human reproductive sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To date, almost all solid malignancies have implicated insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling as a driver of tumour growth. However, the remarkable level of crosstalk between sex hormones, the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and its ligands IGF-1 and 2 in endocrine driven cancers is incompletely understood. Similar to the sex steroids, IGF signalling is essential in normal development as well as growth and tissue homoeostasis, and undergoes a steady decline with advancing age and increasing visceral adiposity. Interestingly, IGF-1 has been found to play a compensatory role for both estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) by augmenting hormonal responses in the absence of, or where low levels of ligand are present. Furthermore, experimental, and epidemiological evidence supports a role for dysregulated IGF signalling in breast and prostate cancers. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) molecules can regulate the bioavailability of IGF-1 and are frequently expressed in these hormonally regulated tissues. The link between age-related disease and the role of IGF-1 in the process of ageing and longevity has gained much attention over the last few decades, spurring the development of numerous IGF targeted therapies that have, to date, failed to deliver on their therapeutic potential. This review will provide an overview of the sexually dimorphic nature of IGF signalling in humans and how this is impacted by the reduction in sex steroids in mid-life. It will also explore the latest links with metabolic syndromes, hormonal imbalances associated with ageing and targeting of IGF signalling in endocrine-related tumour growth with an emphasis on post-menopausal breast cancer and the impact of the steroidal milieu.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.