Observational studyPloS one2021
Safety and glycemic outcomes of do-it-yourself AndroidAPS hybrid closed-loop system in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hybrid Closed Loop Using a Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas System in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Trial
- Glycaemic Control During School Days and Holidays in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Open-Source Android Artificial Pancreas Systems: A Real-World Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Metabolic Responses to Exercise and Nutritional Strategies in Type 1 Diabetes Using Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Safety and glycemic outcomes of DBLG1 coupled to the DANA-i pump in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The SP8 trial.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Efficacy, safety, and legal considerations of do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems: a position statement from italian diabetes societies.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Transformations in Diabetes Care: Lessons From Commons-Based, Peer-Produced Citizen Science.Sociology of health & illness · 2026Article
- Examining the Emotional and Physical Health Impact in Users of Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery and Sources of Support: Qualitative Analysis of Patient Narratives.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Article
- Observational
- Are all HCL systems the same? long term outcomes of three HCL systems in children with type 1 diabetes: real-life registry-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Improved Glycemia and Quality of Life Among Loop Users: Analysis of Real-world Data From a Single Center.JMIR diabetes · 2022Article
- Practical Guidance on Open Source and Commercial Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals Supporting People with Insulin-Requiring Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2022Article
- Emotional and Physical Health Impact in Children and Adolescents and Their Caregivers Using Open-source Automated Insulin Delivery: Qualitative Analysis of Lived Experiences.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
- Large-Scale Data Analysis for Glucose Variability Outcomes with Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Barriers to Uptake of Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors and Perceived Challenges of Caregivers of Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes From the OPEN Survey.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2022Article
- A scoping review of Do-It-Yourself Automated Insulin Delivery system (DIY AID) use in people with type 1 diabetes.PloS one · 2022Article
- Open-source automated insulin delivery: international consensus statement and practical guidance for health-care professionals.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2022Review
- Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Today, Tomorrow and User Requirements.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2021Article
- [Individualization of diabetes treatment by automated insulin delivery].Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of the study was to assess the safety and glycemic outcomes with the use of a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Hybrid Closed-Loop (HCL) system based on the AndroidAPS application in type 1 diabetes (T1D).
methodsSingle-center clinical trial, with 3-week run-in and 12-week study period. DIY HCL system consisted of the Dana Diabecare RS insulin pump, Dexcom G5 continuous glucose monitoring system and AndroidAPS application. Primary outcome was safety: incidences of severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, time spent in glycemia <54 mg/dl. Secondary endpoints included percentage of time in range (TIR) 70-180 mg/dl, time below 70 mg/dl, HbA1c, insulin requirements, and body weight.
resultsIn total 12 subjects (5 men, 7 women) were enrolled, mean age 31.3±6.7, 95%CI(27.7-34.9) years, mean diabetes duration 16.1±5.7, 95%CI(13.0-19.2) years. No episodes of severe hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis were observed. Percentage of time spent in glycemia below 54mg/dl was not increased. Average sensor glycemia was lower in the study period than baseline (141.1 ± 8.4, 95%CI(136.3-145.9) vs. 153.3 ± 17.9, 95%CI(143.2-163.4), mg/dl p<0.001). TIR 70-180 mg/dl was improved by 11.3%, 95%CI(2.8%-19.8%) (from 68.0 ± 12.7 to 79.3 ± 6.4%, p<0.001), without increasing hypoglycemia time. The HbA1c level decreased by -0.5%, 95%CI(-0.9%--0.1%) (from 6.8 ± 0.5 to 6.3 ± 0.4%, p<0.001). Additionally, in the last 4 weeks of the study period participants significantly improved and showed TIR 70-180 mg/dl 82.1 ± 5.6%, 95%CI(78.9-85.3), time <54 mg/dl 0.30 (0.20-0.55)%, median 95%CI(0.1-0.7) and <70 mg/dl 1.90 (1.10-3.05)%, median 95%CI(0.7-3.2). The insulin requirement and body weight did not change in the study.
conclusionsThe study revealed safety of the Do-It-Yourself HCL system AndroidAPS in adults with T1D, limited to well-controlled, highly selected and closely monitored patients. The use of AndroidAPS significantly improved HbA1c, time in range and average sensor glycemia without increasing hypoglycemia. As both patients and their medical team are gaining experience using the system over time, they improve glycemic control.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register: no. DRKS00015439; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00015439.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.