ArticlePhytotherapy research : PTR2021
Silibinin as potential tool against SARS-Cov-2: In silico spike receptor-binding domain and main protease molecular docking analysis, and in vitro endothelial protective effects.
Article in Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quercetin Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Induced Premature Senescence in SH-SY5Y Neuronal-like Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Advances in research on the mechanisms of anti-inflammation of silybin: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An integrative computational strategy for antidiabetic drug discovery: From QSAR modeling to retrosynthesis.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Article
- Unveiling the potential biochemical effects of selected heterocyclic compounds as human Type-A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A) Modulator: AnBiotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation reveal antineoplastic potential of Antarctic sponge-derived suberitenones.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review on the Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Potential of Silybin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- An early warning indicator of mortality risk in patients with COVID-19: the neutrophil extracellular traps/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhaled Silybin Dry Powder Prepared via the Nanosuspension Spray Drying Technology.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
- Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Roles of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway, cytokine release, and alteration of tight junctions in COVID-19 pathogenesis.Tissue barriers · 2023Article
- In-silico studies to recognize repurposing therapeutics toward arginase-I inhibitors as a potential onco-immunomodulators.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- The favorable impacts of silibinin polyphenols as adjunctive therapy in reducing the complications of COVID-19: A review of research evidence and underlying mechanisms.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Anti-prostate cancer protection and therapy in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine - comprehensive effects of phytochemicals in primary, secondary and tertiary care.The EPMA journal · 2022Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Activity of an In Vitro Digested Anthocyanin-Rich Extract on Intestinal Epithelial Cells Exposed to TNF-α.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Methodology-Centered Review of Molecular Modeling, Simulation, and Prediction of SARS-CoV-2.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Comparative evaluation of flavonoids reveals the superiority and promising inhibition activity of silibinin against SARS-CoV-2.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2022Article
- Phytocompounds and COVID-19: Two years of knowledge.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2, along with the lack of targeted medicaments, encouraged research of existing drugs for repurposing. The rapid response to SARS-CoV-2 infection comprises a complex interaction of cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and pathologic coagulation. Thus, active molecules targeting multiple steps in SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle are highly wanted. Herein we explored the in silico capability of silibinin from Silybum marianum to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 main target proteins, and the in vitro effects against cytokine-induced-inflammation and dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Computational analysis revealed that silibinin forms a stable complex with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD, has good negative binding affinity with Mpro, and interacts with many residues on the active site of Mpro, thus supporting its potentiality in inhibiting viral entry and replication. Moreover, HUVECs pretreatment with silibinin reduced TNF-α-induced gene expression of the proinflammatory genes IL-6 and MCP-1, as well as of PAI-1, a critical factor in coagulopathy and thrombosis, and of ET-1, a peptide involved in hemostatic vasoconstriction. Then, due to endothelium antiinflammatory and anticoagulant properties of silibinin and its capability to interact with SARS-CoV-2 main target proteins demonstrated herein, silibinin could be a strong candidate for COVID-19 management from a multitarget perspective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.