Evidence mapPaperPMID 33824404Full record

ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2021

Diet quality trajectories and cardiovascular phenotypes/metabolic syndrome risk by 11-12 years.

Jessica A Kerr, Richard S Liu, Constantine E Gasser, Fiona K Mensah, David Burgner, Kate Lycett, Alanna N Gillespie, Markus Juonala, Susan A Clifford, Tim Olds and 7 more

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Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Feasibility and Acceptability of a School-Based Nutrition Education Toolkit: Findings from an Expert Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Jessica A KerrMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. jessica.kerr@mcri.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-4047
Richard S LiuMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Constantine E GasserMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Fiona K MensahMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6951-9949
David BurgnerMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4302
Kate LycettMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Alanna N GillespieMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Markus JuonalaMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9498-364X
Susan A CliffordMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-9439
Tim OldsMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Richard SafferyMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-4181
Lisa GoldMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Mengjiao LiuMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-7633
Peter AzzopardiMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Ben EdwardsAustralian National University Centre for Social Research and Methods, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Terence DwyerThe George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-7663
Melissa WakeMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate associations between early-life diet trajectories and preclinical cardiovascular phenotypes and metabolic risk by age 12 years.

methodsParticipants were 1861 children (51% male) from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. At five biennial waves from 2-3 to 10-11 years: Every 2 years from 2006 to 2014, diet quality scores were collected from brief 24-h parent/self-reported dietary recalls and then classified using group-based trajectory modeling as 'never healthy' (7%), 'becoming less healthy' (17%), 'moderately healthy' (21%), and 'always healthy' (56%). At 11-12 years: During children's physical health Child Health CheckPoint (2015-2016), we measured cardiovascular functional (resting heart rate, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid elasticity/distensibility) and structural (carotid intima-media thickness, retinal microvasculature) phenotypes, and metabolic risk score (composite of body mass index z-score, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose). Associations were estimated using linear regression models (n = 1100-1800) adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic position.

resultsCompared to 'always healthy', the 'never healthy' trajectory had higher resting heart rate (2.6 bpm, 95% CI 0.4, 4.7) and metabolic risk score (0.23, 95% CI 0.01, 0.45), and lower arterial elasticity (-0.3% per 10 mmHg, 95% CI -0.6, -0.1) and distensibility (-1.2%, 95% CI -1.9, -0.5) (all effect sizes 0.3-0.4). Heart rate, distensibility, and diastolic blood pressure were progressively poorer for less healthy diet trajectories (linear trends p ≤ 0.02). Effects for systolic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and structural phenotypes were less evident.

conclusionsChildren following the least healthy diet trajectory had poorer functional cardiovascular phenotypes and metabolic syndrome risk, including higher resting heart rate, one of the strongest precursors of all-cause mortality. Structural phenotypes were not associated with diet trajectories, suggesting the window to prevent permanent changes remains open to at least late childhood.

Indexed as

Cardiometabolic Risk FactorsAustraliaBlood PressureCardiovascular DiseasesChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDietFemaleHumansInfantLongitudinal StudiesMaleMetabolic Syndrome

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.