ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2021
Genes and hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in post-traumatic stress disorder. What is their role in symptom expression and treatment response?
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of improved on-farm crop storage on DNA methylation of mothers and their infants: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Kenya.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Trial
- Investigation of the effects of two exercise protocols on behavioral and biochemical changes in ovariectomized rats exposed to single prolonged stress.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- The neuropsychological impact of early childhood trauma on cognitive development: A narrative review of mechanisms, outcomes, and interventions.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Review
- From Acute Stress to Long-Term Dysregulation: Changes in Hematological and Hormonal Parameters in the Long-Term Post-Stress Period in a Modified SPS&S Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Use of Single Prolonged Stress to Model Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Rodents: What We Found and Where to Next?Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- The mechanism and clinical significance of FKBP5 gene DNA methylation in various psychiatric, metabolic and tumor-related diseases.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Characterisation of intrusive memories and prediction from memory-related genes and cognitive and emotional factors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Distinct saliva DNA methylation profiles in relation to treatment outcome in youth with posttraumatic stress disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Validity of mental and physical stress models.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Differential methylation of linoleic acid pathway genes is associated with PTSD symptoms - a longitudinal study with Burundian soldiers returning from a war zone.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Assessing and Modelling of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Molecular and Functional Biomarkers.Biology · 2023Review
- Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and psychodermatology.Skin health and disease · 2023Review
- Advances in the molecular neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder from global contexts: A systematic review of longitudinal studies.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023Review
- Pilot study suggests DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) is associated with MDMA-assisted therapy treatment response for severe PTSD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Nutraceutical Interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Animal Models: A Focus on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sex-Related Predisposition to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Development-The Role of Neuropeptides.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Recent developments in stress and anxiety research.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLess than half of all individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remit spontaneously and a large proportion of those seeking treatment do not respond sufficiently. This suggests that there may be subgroups of individuals who are in need of augmentative or alternative treatments. One of the most frequent pathophysiological findings in PTSD is alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including enhanced negative feedback sensitivity and attenuated peripheral cortisol. Given the role of the HPA axis in cognition, this pattern may contribute to PTSD symptoms and interfere with key processes of standard first-line treatments, such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT).
methodsThis review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of research regarding the role of HPA axis functioning in PTSD symptoms and treatment.
resultsOverall, there is preliminary evidence that hypocortisolaemia contributes to symptom manifestation in PTSD; that it predicts non-responses to TF-CBT; and that it is subject to change in parallel with positive treatment trajectories. Moreover, there is evidence that genetic and epigenetic alterations within the genes NR3C1 and FKBP5 are associated with this hypocortisolaemic pattern and that some of these alterations change as symptoms improve over the course of treatment.
conclusionsFuture research priorities include investigations into the role of the HPA axis in day-to-day symptom variation, the time scale in which biological changes in response to treatment occur, and the effects of sex. Furthermore, before conceiving augmentative or alternative treatments that target the described mechanisms, multilevel studies are warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.