ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2022
The association of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with hippocampal volume in schizophrenia: a preliminary MRI study.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- MMP9 Genetic Variants in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Its Relation with Cognitive Dysfunction and Suicide Attempt.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- ALife science alliance · 2025Article
- Perineuronal nets in the developing brain: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.Molecular brain · 2025Review
- Alterations in the plasma concentrations of BDNF, proBDNF, and MMP-9 in patients with schizophrenia.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Optogenetic and Endogenous Modulation of CaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Increased Complement C4 in a Sparse Neuronal Subset Induces Network-Wide Transcriptomic Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Elevated plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 in schizophrenia patients associated with poor antipsychotic treatment response and white matter density deficits.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Dementia after Ischemic Stroke, from Molecular Biomarkers to Therapeutic Options.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity, hippocampal extracellular free water, and cognitive deficits are associated with each other in early phase psychosis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Variations of plasma oxidative stress levels in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Correlations with psychopathology and matrix metalloproteinase-9: a case-control study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Observational
- Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Are Elevated in Persons With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Modifiable Factors.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Dysregulation of Synaptic Plasticity Markers in Schizophrenia.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2023Review
- Vascular-related biomarkers in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
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22 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) are enzymes involved in regulating neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. This, combined with evidence for disrupted hippocampal structure and function in schizophrenia, has prompted our current investigation into the relationship between MMP9 and hippocampal volumes in schizophrenia. 34 healthy individuals (mean age = 32.50, male = 21, female = 13) and 30 subjects with schizophrenia (mean age = 33.07, male = 19, female = 11) underwent a blood draw and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The hippocampus was automatically segmented utilizing FreeSurfer. MMP9 plasma levels were measured with ELISA. ANCOVAs were conducted to compare MMP9 plasma levels (corrected for age and sex) and hippocampal volumes between groups (corrected for age, sex, total intracranial volume). Spearman correlations were utilized to investigate the relationship between symptoms, medication, duration of illness, number of episodes, and MMP9 plasma levels in patients. Last, we explored the correlation between MMP9 levels and hippocampal volumes in patients and healthy individuals separately. Patients displayed higher MMP9 plasma levels than healthy individuals (F(1, 60) = 21.19, p < 0.0001). MMP9 levels correlated with negative symptoms in patients (R = 0.39, p = 0.035), but not with medication, duration of illness, or the number of episodes. Further, patients had smaller left (F(1,59) = 9.12, p = 0.0040) and right (F(1,59) = 6.49, p = 0.013) hippocampal volumes. Finally, left (R = -0.39, p = 0.034) and right (R = -0.37, p = 0.046) hippocampal volumes correlated negatively with MMP9 plasma levels in patients. We observe higher MMP9 plasma levels in SCZ, associated with lower hippocampal volumes, suggesting involvement of MMP9 in the pathology of SCZ. Future studies are needed to investigate how MMP9 influences the pathology of SCZ over the lifespan, whether the observed associations are specific for schizophrenia, and if a therapeutic modulation of MMP9 promotes neuroprotective effects in SCZ.
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