ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2021
Central composite design for the development of carvedilol-loaded transdermal ethosomal hydrogel for extended and enhanced anti-hypertensive effect.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of Brimonidine-Loaded Ethosomes for Glaucoma: Investigation of Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Potential In Vivo.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Design, optimization of Niosomal gel capability for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of Kynurenic acid after intranasal administration: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Carvedilol-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system target diabetic nephropathy: preclinical evidence of antioxidant and antifibrotic effects.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Ethosome-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery: Its Structural Components, Preparation Techniques, and Therapeutic Applications Across Metabolic, Chronic, and Oncological Conditions.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Novel Thermosensitive Hydrogel Encapsulated Carvedilol for the Treatment of Rosacea.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Preparation of Ethosome Gel with Total Flavonoids fromGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development and optimization of dapagliflozin oral nano-bilosomes using response surface method:Nanotheranostics · 2025Article
- Development and Optimization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Encapsulating Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Formulation Using Response Surface Methodology.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Modeling, the Optimization of the Composition of Emulgels with Ciclopirox Olamine, and Quality Assessment.Polymers · 2024Article
- Lipid Horizons: Recent Advances and Future Prospects in LBDDS for Oral Administration of Antihypertensive Agents.International journal of hypertension · 2024Review
- Formulation and Characterization of Intranasal Drug Delivery of Frovatriptan-Loaded Binary Ethosomes Gel for Brain Targeting.Nanotechnology, science and applications · 2024Article
- Nanostructured Lipid Carriers to Enhance the Bioavailability and Solubility of Ranolazine: Statistical Optimization and Pharmacological Evaluations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ethosomal gel for rectal transmucosal delivery of domperidone: design of experiment,Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Central Composite Design Implemented Azilsartan Medoxomil Loaded Nanoemulsion to Improve Its Aqueous Solubility and Intestinal Permeability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Proanthocyanidins fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Central Composite Design (CCD) for the Optimisation of Ethosomal Gel Formulation ofGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Correction to: Central composite design for the development of carvedilol-loaded transdermal ethosomal hydrogel for extended and enhanced anti-hypertensive effect.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2021Article
- No Solid Colloidal Carriers: Aspects Thermodynamic the Immobilization Chitinase and Laminarinase in Liposome.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCarvedilol, the anti-hypertensive drug, has poor bioavailability when administered orally. Ethosomes-mediated transdermal delivery is considered a potential route of administration to increase the bioavailability of carvedilol. The central composite design could be used as a tool to optimize ethosomal formulation. Thus, this study aims to optimize carvedilol-loaded ethosomes using central composite design, followed by incorporation of synthesized ethosomes into hydrogels for transdermal delivery of carvedilol.
resultsThe optimized carvedilol-loaded ethosomes were spherical in shape. The optimized ethosomes had mean particle size of 130 ± 1.72 nm, entrapment efficiency of 99.12 ± 2.96%, cumulative drug release of 97.89 ± 3.7%, zeta potential of - 31 ± 1.8 mV, and polydispersity index of 0.230 ± 0.03. The in-vitro drug release showed sustained release of carvedilol from ethosomes and ethosomal hydrogel. Compared to free carvedilol-loaded hydrogel, the ethosomal gel showed increased penetration of carvedilol through the skin. Moreover, ethosomal hydrogels showed a gradual reduction in blood pressure for 24 h in rats.
conclusionsTaken together, central composite design can be used for successful optimization of carvedilol-loaded ethosomes formulation, which can serve as the promising transdermal delivery system for carvedilol. Moreover the carvedilol-loaded ethosomal gel can extend the anti-hypertensive effect of carvedilol for a longer time, as compared to free carvedilol, suggesting its therapeutic potential in future clinics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.