ArticleEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2021
Cumulative Exposure to Metabolic Syndrome Components and the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Article in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06072963 (Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow: a Feasibility Study
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index With Brain Health: A 16-Year Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Effects of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status on Cognitive Function: A 10-Year Study in a Middle-Aged Population.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic syndrome severity with cognitive decline among Chinese older adults: evidence from two prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Metabolic syndrome and risk of dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies from 6,753,197 participants.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment within 5 years after stroke: a prospective multicentre cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Impact of triglyceride glucose-weight adjusted waist index and its cumulative exposure on stroke risk: a nationwide prospective cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Optimizing midlife metabolic syndrome thresholds for dementia: a prospective study of two UK population-based cohorts.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Association of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome with Cognitive Function: 12-Year Follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigating the nexus of metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid, and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Association between metabolic syndrome and risk of incident dementia in UK Biobank.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Cumulative effect of impaired fasting glucose on the risk of dementia in middle-aged and elderly people: a nationwide cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Is metabolic-healthy obesity associated with risk of dementia? An age-stratified analysis of the Whitehall II cohort study.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Dementia Incidence in Older Adults: A Cross-Country Comparison in England, the United States, and China.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Predicting the Risk of Insulin-Requiring Gestational Diabetes before Pregnancy: A Model Generated from a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Electroacupuncture stimulation improves cognitive ability and regulates metabolic disorders in Alzheimer's disease model mice: new insights from brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Dementia: Role of Number and Age at Measurement of Components in a 28-Year Follow-up of the Whitehall II Cohort Study.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Current Trends of Big Data Research Using the Korean National Health Information Database.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic disturbances are modifiable risk factors for dementia. Because the status of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components changes over time, we aimed to investigate the association of the cumulative exposure to MetS and its components with the risk of dementia.
methodsAdults (n=1,492,776; ≥45-years-old) who received health examinations for 4 consecutive years were identified from a nationwide population-based cohort in Korea. Two exposure-weighted scores were calculated: cumulative number of MetS diagnoses (MetS exposure score, range of 0 to 4) and the composite of its five components (MetS component exposure score, range of 0 to 20). Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values for dementia were analyzed using the multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model.
resultsOverall, 47.1% of subjects were diagnosed with MetS at least once, and 11.5% had persistent MetS. During the mean 5.2 years of follow-up, there were 7,341 cases (0.5%) of incident dementia. There was a stepwise increase in the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia with increasing MetS exposure score and MetS component exposure score (each P for trend <0.0001). The HR of all-cause dementia was 2.62 (95% CI, 1.87 to 3.68) in subjects with a MetS component exposure score of 20 compared with those with a score of 0. People fulfilling only one MetS component out of 20 already had an approximately 40% increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
conclusionMore cumulative exposure to metabolic disturbances was associated with a higher risk of dementia. Of note, even minimal exposure to MetS components had a significant effect on the risk of dementia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.