ArticleScientific reports2021
Sex and Tamoxifen confound murine experimental studies in cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- CFTR in alveolar type 1 cells contributes to lung liquid secretion and host defense.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Impact of Chronic Infection-Induced Inflammation on TREG Cell Homeostasis.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Macrophage cell therapy enabled by interleukin-4 mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles to sustain a pro-reparative phenotype in inflammatory injuries.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Macrophage polarization state influences fusion and phenotype of human foreign body giant cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Addressing Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Models of Lung Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Immunoengineering Biomaterials for Musculoskeletal Tissue Repair across Lifespan.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Review
- Vascular Damage and Repair - Are Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts Still the "Holy Grail" of Tissue Engineering?Physiological research · 2024Review
- Fate-Mapping Macrophages: From Ontogeny to Functions.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Confounding Effects of Tamoxifen: Cautionary and Practical Considerations for the Use of Tamoxifen-Inducible Mouse Models in Atherosclerosis Research-Brief Report.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Article
- Partial decellularization eliminates immunogenicity in tracheal allografts.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2023Review
- Implanted Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft Cell Isolation with Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2023Article
- Roadmap on biomaterials for women's health.JPhys materials · 2023Article
- Tamoxifen reduces silicone implant capsule formation in a mouse model.FASEB bioAdvances · 2022Article
- Tamoxifen Ameliorates Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis in Mice: Upregulation of TGFβ and IL6 Is a Potential Protective Mechanism.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Animal studies for the evaluation of in situ tissue-engineered vascular grafts - a systematic review, evidence map, and meta-analysis.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2022Review
- Strategies to counteract adverse remodeling of vascular graft: A 3D view of current graft innovations.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Fibrocytes: A Critical Review and Practical Guide.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts hold promise for the creation of functional blood vessels from biodegradable scaffolds. Because the precise mechanisms regulating this process are still under investigation, inducible genetic mouse models are an important and widely used research tool. However, here we describe the importance of challenging the baseline assumption that tamoxifen is inert when used as a small molecule inducer in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering. Employing a standard inferior vena cava vascular interposition graft model in C57BL/6 mice, we discovered differences in the immunologic response between control and tamoxifen-treated animals, including occlusion rate, macrophage infiltration and phenotype, the extent of foreign body giant cell development, and collagen deposition. Further, differences were noted between untreated males and females. Our findings demonstrate that the host-response to materials commonly used in cardiovascular tissue engineering is sex-specific and critically impacted by exposure to tamoxifen, necessitating careful model selection and interpretation of results.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.