SynthesisBMC cardiovascular disorders2021
Long-term effects (> 24 months) of multiple lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors among high-risk subjects: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of combined lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease risk communication and prevention: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2024Pooled it
- Effects on physical activity, physical fitness and well-being in a 36-months randomized controlled study, comparing a multimodal hospital-based intervention programme for primary cardiovascular prevention with usual care.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Trial
- Associations between intuitive eating and health behaviors and physical health in U.S. adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of a Contextualized Workplace Intervention in a Latino Population on Reducing Cardiovascular Risk and Its Associated Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Classification of intestinal inflammation driven by gut microbiota metabolites: a new paradigm for precision treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- A qualitative analysis of follow-up interviews with SLE patients from the "living well with lupus" study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Lifestyle interventions for cardiometabolic health.Nature medicine · 2024Review
- Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors and Primary Prevention Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases in a Middle-Income Country: A Scoping Review and Implication for Future Research.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2024Article
- First Report on the Co-Occurrence and Clustering Profiles of Cardiovascular Lifestyle Risk Factors among Adults in Burkina Faso.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe evidence of the long-term effects of multiple lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk is uncertain. We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
methodsEligible trials investigated the impact of lifestyle intervention versus usual care with minimum 24 months follow-up, reporting more than one major cardiovascular risk factor. A literature search updated April 15, 2020 identified 12 eligible studies. The results from individual trials were combined, using fixed and random effect models, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate effect sizes. Small-study effect was evaluated, and heterogeneity between studies examined, by subgroup and meta-regression analyses, considering patient- and study-level variables.
resultsSmall-study effect was not identified. Lifestyle intervention reduced systolic blood pressure modestly with an estimated SMD of - 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.21 to - 0.04, with moderate heterogeneity (I
conclusionLifestyle intervention resulted in only a modest effect on systolic blood pressure and no effect on total cholesterol after 24 months. Further lifestyle trials should consider the challenge of maintaining larger long-term benefits to ensure impact on cardiovascular outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.