ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Residual Viremia Is Linked to a Specific Immune Activation Profile in HIV-1-Infected Adults Under Efficient Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of HIV-1 low-level viremia on virologic and immunologic failure during antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study from 2005 to 2023 in Qinzhou City, Guangxi, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Genomic landscape of HIV-1 proviruses in ART-treated immunological non-responders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Higher levels of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA transcripts predict risk of viral blips: implications for clinical management and cure research.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- A Guide to the Evolving Clinical Landscape of Low-Level Viremia Among Persons with HIV in the Modern Treatment Era.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- BRD4 modulator ZL0580 and LEDGINs additively block and lock HIV-1 transcription.Nature communications · 2025Article
- No associations between HIV reservoir and inflammation in long-term virally suppressed dolutegravir-based ART-treated individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- HBcAb Positivity as a Risk Factor for Missing HIV RNA Undetectability after the 3TC+DTG Switch.Viruses · 2024Article
- Incidence of low-level viremia and its impact on virologic failure among people living with HIV who started an integrase strand transfer inhibitors: a longitudinal cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Learning from Persistent Viremia: Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Care and HIV-1 Cure.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Antiretroviral Treatment-Induced Galectin-9 Might Impact HIV Viremia in Addition to Contributing to Inflammaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Transcriptome analysis of CD4Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- HIV Promotes Atherosclerosis via Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Controversies in the Design of Strategies for the Cure of HIV Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Low levels of peripheral blood activated and senescent T cells characterize people with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Soluble biomarkers of HIV-1-related systemic immune activation are associated with high plasma levels of growth factors implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma in adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Two-Drug Regimens for HIV-Current Evidence, Research Gaps and Future Challenges.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Association of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk Scores in an Italian Cohort of HIV Positive Patient Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy.Current HIV research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic immune activation persists in persons living with HIV-1 even though they are aviremic under antiretroviral therapy, and fuels comorbidities. In previous studies, we have revealed that virologic responders present distinct profiles of immune activation, and that one of these profiles is related to microbial translocation. In the present work, we tested in 140 HIV-1-infected adults under efficient treatment for a mean duration of eight years whether low-level viremia might be another cause of immune activation. We observed that the frequency of viremia between 1 and 20 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (39.5 ± 24.7% versus 21.1 ± 22.5%, p = 0.033) and transient viremia above 20 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (15.1 ± 16.9% versus 3.3 ± 7.2%, p = 0.005) over the 2 last years was higher in patients with one profile of immune activation, Profile E, than in the other patients. Profile E, which is different from the profile related to microbial translocation with frequent CD38+ CD8+ T cells, is characterized by a high level of CD4+ T cell (cell surface expression of CD38), monocyte (plasma concentration of soluble CD14), and endothelium (plasma concentration of soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor) activation, whereas the other profiles presented low CD4:CD8 ratio, elevated proportions of central memory CD8+ T cells or HLA-DR+ CD4+ T cells, respectively. Our data reinforce the hypothesis that various etiological factors shape the form of the immune activation in virologic responders, resulting in specific profiles. Given the type of immune activation of Profile E, a potential causal link between low-level viremia and atherosclerosis should be investigated.
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