ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2021
Oncolytic viruses encoding bispecific T cell engagers: a blueprint for emerging immunovirotherapies.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Superantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- In silico clinical trials of BiTE expression by oncolytic viruses reveal the impact of patient heterogeneity on dosage protocol.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- From T cell engagers to next-generation immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- Recent advances in oncolytic virotherapy: insights from clinical trials and combination treatment strategies.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Bridging mechanism and clinic: unlocking the full potential of oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- A measles virus encoding a CD19/CD3 bispecific T cell engager shows enhanced preclinical anti-BCP-ALL efficacy without significant toxicity.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Oncolytic adenoviruses encoding bispecific T cell engagers or a novel trispecific T cell engager for dual-targeting of c-MET and EGFR.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy with a tri-specific T-cell engager targeting CD3ε, EpCaM, and 4-1BB: preclinical evaluation and implications for cancer immunotherapy.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Design and Engineering of Recombinant Oncolytic Adenoviruses Expressing an Anti-EpCAM/Anti-CD3 BiTE for Targeted Immunotherapy of A549 Lung Cancer Cells.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Beyond Structure: The Dynamic Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Immune Evasion.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Challenges and strategies in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Recent advances in oncolytic virus combined immunotherapy in tumor treatment.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Sophora flavescens-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with oncolytic vaccinia virus/IR1061 for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging guided multimodal treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents: clinical progress and remaining challenges.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Precision oncolytic viral therapy in colorectal cancer: Genetic targeting and immune modulation for personalized treatment (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Advancing liver cancer treatment with dual-targeting CAR-T therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Innovative Immunotherapy and Its Transformative Impact on Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Disease's Origins, Epidemiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Advanced drug delivery platforms target cancer stem cells.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Antibiotic-mediated selection of randomly mutagenized and cytokine-expressing oncolytic viruses.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are an innovative class of immunotherapeutics that redirect T cells to tumor surface antigens. While efficacious against certain hematological malignancies, limited bioavailability and severe toxicities have so far hampered broader clinical application, especially against solid tumors. Another emerging cancer immunotherapy are oncolytic viruses (OVs) which selectively infect and replicate in malignant cells, thereby mediating tumor vaccination effects. These oncotropic viruses can serve as vectors for tumor-targeted immunomodulation and synergize with other immunotherapies. In this article, we discuss the use of OVs to overcome challenges in BiTE therapy. We review the current state of the field, covering published preclinical studies as well as ongoing clinical investigations. We systematically introduce OV-BiTE vector design and characteristics as well as evidence for immune-stimulating and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, we address additional combination regimens, including CAR T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and further strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment using OV-BiTEs. The inherent complexity of these novel therapeutics highlights the importance of translational research including correlative studies in early-phase clinical trials. More broadly, OV-BiTEs can serve as a blueprint for diverse OV-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.