ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Macrophages in Chronic Liver Failure: Diversity, Plasticity and Therapeutic Targeting.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut-liver-hypothalamus axis dysfunction in mycotoxin toxicity: mechanisms and protective roles of natural compounds.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Innate immuno-response to nanoparticle uptake in liver and spleen mimics pathogen infection.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Myeloid cells in chronic liver inflammation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Immunological Mechanisms and Effects of Bacterial Infections in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.Cells · 2025Review
- Tumor-specific surface marker-independent targeting of tumors through nanotechnology and bioorthogonal glycochemistry.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- New insights into combined immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver cirrhosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic inhibition of monocyte recruitment prevents checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Activation of GPR3-β-arrestin2-PKM2 pathway in Kupffer cells stimulates glycolysis and inhibits obesity and liver pathogenesis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Innate immunity in peripheral tissues is differentially impaired under normal and endotoxic conditions in aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Thioacetamide-Induced Acute Liver Injury Increases Metformin Plasma Exposure by Downregulating Renal OCT2 and MATE1 Expression and Function.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Characteristics of circulating immune cells in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure following artificial liver treatment.BMC immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2023Review
- Sepsis with liver dysfunction and coagulopathy predicts an inflammatory pattern of macrophage activation.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2022Article
- Continuous human iPSC-macrophage mass production by suspension culture in stirred tank bioreactors.Nature protocols · 2022Review
- Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The versatility of macrophage heterogeneity in liver fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Immune Pathogenesis of Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure and the Danger Hypothesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Plasticity of monocytes and macrophages in cirrhosis of the liver.Frontiers in network physiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic liver injury results in immune-driven progressive fibrosis, with risk of cirrhosis development and impact on morbidity and mortality. Persistent liver cell damage and death causes immune cell activation and inflammation. Patients with advanced cirrhosis additionally experience pathological bacterial translocation, exposure to microbial products and chronic engagement of the immune system. Bacterial infections have a high incidence in cirrhosis, with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis being the most common, while the subsequent systemic inflammation, organ failure and immune dysregulation increase the mortality risk. Tissue-resident and recruited macrophages play a central part in the development of inflammation and fibrosis progression. In the liver, adipose tissue, peritoneum and intestines, diverse macrophage populations exhibit great phenotypic and functional plasticity determined by their ontogeny, epigenetic programming and local microenvironment. These changes can, at different times, promote or ameliorate disease states and therefore represent potential targets for macrophage-directed therapies. In this review, we discuss the evidence for macrophage phenotypic and functional alterations in tissue compartments during the development and progression of chronic liver failure in different aetiologies and highlight the potential of macrophage modulation as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.