Trial reportStroke2021
Autonomic Imbalance and Risk of Dementia and Stroke: The Framingham Study.
Trial report in Stroke, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between the Glucose-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Mortality in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
- The association of estimated glucose disposal rate with white matter hyperintensities: A large prospective cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Pulse Rate Variability and All-Cause Mortality Risk in the General Japanese Population.Circulation reports · 2026Article
- Minimum pulse rate during sleep as a MMSE-associated factor: a multifaceted exploratory study in older adults without long-term care certification.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Heart rate variability in unstably housed Veterans with mental health conditions.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Association between cardiac autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular health and its association with dementia, Parkinson's Disease, and mortality among UK older adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- A New Perspective on Agitation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Paradigm Shift.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Association between Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and MRI-Assessed Locus Coeruleus Integrity in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA).Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Review
- Heart rate turbulence in acute ischemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2024Observational
- Pulse rate variability and health-related quality of life assessment with the Short Form-8 Japanese version in the general Japanese population.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Blood pressure variability supersedes heart rate variability as a real-world measure of dementia risk.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Heart Rate Variability and Cognition: A Narrative Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Blood pressure variability, central autonomic network dysfunction and cerebral small vessel disease in APOE4 carriers.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Autonomic modulation and the risk of dementia in a middle-aged cohort: A 17-year follow-up study.Biomedical journal · 2023Article
- Resting heart rate, cognitive function, and inflammation in older adults: a population-based study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- Autonomic nervous system flexibility for understanding brain aging.Ageing research reviews · 2023Review
- Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction and incident stroke in the elderly: long-term findings from Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2023Article
- Autonomic dysfunction after mild acute ischemic stroke and six months after: a prospective observational cohort study.BMC neurology · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The autonomic nervous system has been implicated in stroke and dementia pathophysiology. High resting heart rate and low heart rate variability indicate the effect of autonomic imbalance on the heart. We examined the associations of resting heart rate and heart rate variability with incident stroke and dementia in a community-based cohort of middle- and old-aged adults. Methods: The study sample included 1581 participants aged >60 years and 3271 participants aged >45 years evaluated for incident dementia and stroke, respectively, who participated in the Framingham Offspring cohort third (1983–1987) examination and had follow-up for neurology events after the seventh (1998–2001) examination. Heart rate variability was assessed through the standard deviation (SD) of normal-to-normal RR intervals and the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats from 2-hour Holter monitor. Participants were followed-up for stroke and dementia incidence from exam 7 to a maximum of 10 years. Cox regression models were used to assess the link of resting heart rate and heart rate variability with stroke and dementia risk while adjusting for potential confounders, and interactions with age and sex were assessed. Results: Of the dementia (mean age, 55±6 years, 46% men) and stroke (mean age, 48±9 years, 46% men) samples, 133 and 127 developed dementia and stroke, respectively, during the follow-up. Overall, autonomic imbalance was not associated with dementia risk. However, age modified the associations such that SD of normal-to-normal intervals and root mean square of successive differences were associated with dementia risk in older people (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] per 1SD, 0.61 [0.38–0.99] and HR [95% CI] per 1SD, 0.34 [0.15–0.74], respectively). High resting heart rate was associated with increased stroke risk (HR [95% CI] per 10 bpm, 1.18 [1.01–1.39]), and high SD of normal-to-normal intervals was associated with lower stroke risk in men (HR [95% CI] per 1SD, 0.46 [0.26–0.79]) but not women (HR [95% CI] per 1SD, 1.25 [0.88–1.79]; P for interaction=0.003). Conclusions: Some measures of cardiac autonomic imbalance may precede dementia and stroke occurrence, particularly in older ages and men, respectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.