ArticlePsychological medicine2021
Genetics of substance use disorders: a review.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 93 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-wide meta-analyses of cross substance use disorders in diverse populations.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study in individuals of European and African ancestry and multi-trait analysis of opioid use disorder identifies 19 independent genome-wide significant risk loci.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Bipolar Disorder Comorbid to Substance Abuse.Genes · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic basis of cannabis use: a systematic review.BMC medical genomics · 2021Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Independent Heritability of Aversive Learning Influences on Cocaine-Seeking and Punishment Resistance in Rats.eNeuro · 2026Article
- Utilizing multimodal cortical parcellations to identify novel regions of the human cerebral cortex associated with substance use disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Are polygenic scores for psychiatric and substance use outcomes "ready" for clinical application? Current state and next steps.Psychiatric genetics · 2026Review
- Functional Genomics Studies of Psychiatric Disorders in Individuals of Latin American Populations: A Scoping Review.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2026Article
- Adolescent music engagement is associated with less alcohol consumption and substance experimentation 5-11 years later: A genetically informative study.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- In praise of scientific open relationships: Commentary on Caspi et al. (2026).Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- Cornichon Homolog-3 (Cnih3) deletion impairs spatial memory, operant learning, and fentanyl self-administration behavior.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Behavioral and transcriptomic markers of susceptibility to escalate fentanyl intake.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Indirect Genetic Effects on Alcohol Use Disorder and Nicotine Dependence.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring the genetic overlap between substance use disorder and educational attainment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Shared genetic variants across substance use disorders implicate common neurobiological pathways, a genome-wide mixed methods study.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Shared genetic architecture of psychoactive substance use and pan-cancer: insights from a large‑scale genome‑wide cross‑trait analysis.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Transcription factors implicated in substance use disorder, from immediate early genes to altered gene expression.Brain research · 2026Review
- Multisystem regulation of reward and addiction: beyond the dopaminergic system.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Multivariate genetic analyses of 2.2 million individuals reveal broad and substance-specific pathways of addiction risk.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent and result in an array of negative consequences. They are influenced by genetic factors (h2 = ~50%). Recent years have brought substantial progress in our understanding of the genetic etiology of SUDs and related traits. The present review covers the current state of the field for SUD genetics, including the epidemiology and genetic epidemiology of SUDs, findings from the first-generation of SUD genome-wide association studies (GWAS), cautions about translating GWAS findings to clinical settings, and suggested prioritizations for the next wave of SUD genetics efforts. Recent advances in SUD genetics have been facilitated by the assembly of large GWAS samples, and the development of state-of-the-art methods modeling the aggregate effect of genome-wide variation. These advances have confirmed that SUDs are highly polygenic with many variants across the genome conferring risk, the vast majority of which are of small effect. Downstream analyses have enabled finer resolution of the genetic architecture of SUDs and revealed insights into their genetic relationship with other psychiatric disorders. Recent efforts have also prioritized a closer examination of GWAS findings that have suggested non-uniform genetic influences across measures of substance use (e.g. consumption) and problematic use (e.g. SUD). Additional highlights from recent SUD GWAS include the robust confirmation of loci in alcohol metabolizing genes (e.g. ADH1B and ALDH2) affecting alcohol-related traits, and loci within the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster influencing nicotine-related traits. Similar successes are expected for cannabis, opioid, and cocaine use disorders as sample sizes approach those assembled for alcohol and nicotine.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.