ArticleToxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology2021
Neutralization of crotamine by polyclonal antibodies generated against two whole rattlesnake venoms and a novel recombinant fusion protein.
Article in Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Snake venom defensins: Defining the structural and functional characteristics of the toxin family.Journal of structural biology: X · 2025Article
- Bioprospection of rattlesnake venom peptide fractions with anti-adipose and anti-insulin resistance activityToxicon: X · 2024Article
- Review
- A Review of Rattlesnake Venoms.Toxins · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Crotamine is a paralyzing toxin (MW: ~5 kDa) found in different proportions in some rattlesnake venoms (up to 62%). Mexican pit viper antivenoms have shown low immunoreactivity against crotamine, which is an urgent quality to be improved. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of a novel recombinant fusion protein composed of sphingomyelinase D and crotamine, and two whole venoms from Crotalus molossus nigrescens and C. oreganus helleri to produce neutralizing antibodies against crotamine. These immunogens were separately used for immunization procedures in rabbits. Then, we generated three experimental antivenoms to test their cross-reactivity via western-blot against crotamine from 7 species (C. m. nigrescens, C. o. helleri, C. durissus terrificus, C. scutulatus salvini, C. basiliscus, C. culminatus and C. tzabcan). We also performed pre-incubation neutralization experiments in mice to measure the neutralizing potency of each antivenom against crotamine induced hind limb paralysis. Our antivenoms showed broad recognition across crotamine from most of the tested species. Also, neutralization against crotamine paralysis symptom was successfully achieved by our three antivenoms, albeit with different efficiencies. Our results highlight the use of crotamine enriched venoms and our novel recombinant fusion protein as promising immunogens to improve the neutralizing potency against crotamine for the improvement of Mexican antivenoms.
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