ArticleCancer letters2021
The TIM3/Gal9 signaling pathway: An emerging target for cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Cancer letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of vaccination therapy in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma patients: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Phase II trial of nivolumab and metformin in patients with treatment-refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- Piper nigrum Has an Antitumor Effect Through Regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway in a Murine Model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Article
- Molecular Architecture and Clinical Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TAMing the tumor: targeting immune inhibitory receptors on tumor-associated macrophages in pediatric brain tumors - an emerging immunotherapy strategy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of galectins regulating Epstein-Barr virus infection.Virus research · 2026Review
- The Immunopathology of Preeclampsia.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Decoding Galectin-Glycan Recognition withJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Glycobiology-driven therapeutic targeting of glycan-binding proteins: mechanisms, diseases, and clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Single-cell profiling reveals peripheral blood immune landscape remodelling in breast cancer lymph node metastasis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- TIM-3, a potential target for sepsis therapy.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Review
- Blockade of Tim-3 pathway in a mouse model of Toxoplasmosis: impact on brain leukocyte infiltration, parasite burden, and neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- TIM-3 in Cardiovascular Disease.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer immune tolerance and its therapeutic relevance in immunomodulation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- TIGIT Blockade Potentiates the Anti-Leukemic Activity of Exercise-Mobilized Donor Lymphocytes and Expanded γδ T-Cells.Cancers · 2026Article
- T Cell Exhaustion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Substantial Barrier in Immunotherapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint TIM-3 in tumor immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment differences between diagnostic and relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma revealed by scRNA-seq.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Post-translational modifications of immune checkpoints: molecular mechanisms, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and therapeutic implications.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has shown unprecedented and durable clinical response in a wide range of cancers. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) is an inhibitory checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In various cancers, the interaction of TIM3 and Galectin 9 (Gal9) suppresses anti-tumor immunity mediated by innate as well as adaptive immune cells. Thus, the blockade of the TIM3/Gal9 interaction is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. In addition, co-blockade of the TIM3/Gal9 pathway along with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway increases the therapeutic efficacy by overcoming non-redundant immune resistance induced by each checkpoint. Here, we summarize the physiological roles of the TIM3/Gal9 pathway in adaptive and innate immune systems. We highlight the recent clinical and preclinical studies showing the involvement of the TIM3/Gal9 pathway in various solid and blood cancers. In addition, we discuss the potential of using TIM3 and Gal9 as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in different cancers. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of the blockade of the TIM3/Gal9 signaling pathway in cancer could help in identifying patients who respond to this therapy as well as designing combination therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.