ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 infects Langerhans cells and the novel epidermal dendritic cell, Epi-cDC2s, via different entry pathways.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutaneous Dendritic Cells: Structure, Function and Immune Role.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- A pilot imaging mass cytometry study of cutaneous nerve-immune cell interactions in post-herpetic neuralgia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and spread in a novel porcine corneal explant model is restricted to the epithelium.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Herpes simplex virus assembly and spread in murine skin after infection from the outside.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The spatial biology of HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Adjuvanticity of Tannic Acid-Modified Nanoparticles Improves Effectiveness of the Antiviral Response.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Breaching the Barrier: Investigating Initial Herpes Simplex Viral Infection and Spread in Human Skin and Mucosa.Viruses · 2024Review
- Herpes simplex virus spreads rapidly in human foreskin, partly driven by chemokine-induced redistribution of Nectin-1 on keratinocytes.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Article
- Usutu Virus escapes langerin-induced restriction to productively infect human Langerhans cells, unlike West Nile virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- CGRP inhibits human Langerhans cells infection with HSV by differentially modulating specific HSV-1 and HSV-2 entry mechanisms.Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Cytokines and chemokines: The vital role they play in herpes simplex virus mucosal immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Langerin-expressing dendritic cells in pulmonary immune-related diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Native CGRP Neuropeptide and Its Stable Analogue SAX, But Not CGRP Peptide Fragments, Inhibit Mucosal HIV-1 Transmission.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Skin mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) provide the first interactions of invading viruses with the immune system. In addition to Langerhans cells (LCs), we recently described a second epidermal MNP population, Epi-cDC2s, in human anogenital epidermis that is closely related to dermal conventional dendritic cells type 2 (cDC2) and can be preferentially infected by HIV. Here we show that in epidermal explants topically infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), both LCs and Epi-cDC2s interact with HSV-1 particles and infected keratinocytes. Isolated Epi-cDC2s support higher levels of infection than LCs in vitro, inhibited by acyclovir, but both MNP subtypes express similar levels of the HSV entry receptors nectin-1 and HVEM, and show similar levels of initial uptake. Using inhibitors of endosomal acidification, actin and cholesterol, we found that HSV-1 utilises different entry pathways in each cell type. HSV-1 predominantly infects LCs, and monocyte-derived MNPs, via a pH-dependent pathway. In contrast, Epi-cDC2s are mainly infected via a pH-independent pathway which may contribute to the enhanced infection of Epi-cDC2s. Both cells underwent apoptosis suggesting that Epi-cDC2s may follow the same dermal migration and uptake by dermal MNPs that we have previously shown for LCs. Thus, we hypothesize that the uptake of HSV and infection of Epi-cDC2s will stimulate immune responses via a different pathway to LCs, which in future may help guide HSV vaccine development and adjuvant targeting.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.