ArticleMicrocirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)2021
Carotid stiffness is associated with retinal microvascular dysfunction-The Maastricht study.
Article in Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cross-talk between arterial stiffness and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the literature.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Type 2 diabetes and depression via microvascular dysfunction, neurodegeneration, inflammation, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and arterial stiffness.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Instrumenting Carotid Sonography Biomarkers and Polygenic Risk Score As a Novel Screening Approach for Retinal Detachment.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Retinal Microvascular Changes in Association with Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Greek Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Assessment of the relationship of systemic vascular dysfunction and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) with diabetic retinopathy.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Diabetic Retinopathy via Atherosclerotic Pathway in COVID-19/Non-COVID-19 Frameworks Using Artificial Intelligence Paradigm: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Impact of diabetic retinopathy on pulse wave analysis-derived arterial stiffness and hemodynamic parameters: A cross-sectional study from Gujarat, India.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated whether arterial stiffening is a determinant of subtle retinal microvascular changes that precede diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis study used cross-sectional data from the Maastricht Study, a type 2 diabetes-enriched population-based cohort study. We used multivariable linear regression analysis to investigate, in individuals without and with type 2 diabetes, the associations of carotid distensibility coefficient and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity with retinal microvascular diameters and flicker light-induced dilation and adjusted for cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors.
resultsThe retinal microvascular diameter study population consisted of N = 2434 participants (51.4% men, mean ± SD age 59.8 ± 8.1 years, and 28.1% type 2 diabetes). No measures of arterial stiffness were significantly associated with microvascular diameters. Greater carotid distensibility coefficient (i.e., lower carotid stiffness) was significantly associated with greater retinal arteriolar flicker light-induced dilation (per standard deviation, standardized beta [95% CI] 0.06 [0.00; 0.12]) and non-significantly, but directionally similarly, associated with greater retinal venular flicker light-induced dilation (0.04 [-0.02; 0.10]). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (i.e., aortic stiffness) was not associated with retinal microvascular flicker light-induced dilation. The associations between carotid distensibility coefficient and retinal arteriolar and venular flicker light-induced dilation were two- to threefold stronger in individuals with type 2 diabetes than in those without.
conclusionIn this population-based study greater carotid, but not aortic, stiffness was associated with worse retinal flicker light-induced dilation and this association was stronger in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Hence, carotid stiffness may be a determinant of retinal microvascular dysfunction.
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Registered trials
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