Evidence mapPaperPMID 33908131Full record

Trial reportAddiction biology2022

A closer look at alcohol-induced changes in the ghrelin system: novel insights from preclinical and clinical data.

Sara L Deschaine, Mehdi Farokhnia, Adriana Gregory-Flores, Lia J Zallar, Zhi-Bing You, Hui Sun, Deon M Harvey, Renata C N Marchette, Brendan J Tunstall, Bharath K Mani and 10 more

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Addiction biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Gut-brain axis in health and brain disease.Chinese medical journal · 2026
    Review
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  19. Differential Influence ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Sara L DeschaineClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3042-108X
Mehdi FarokhniaClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Adriana Gregory-FloresClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lia J ZallarClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Zhi-Bing YouNeuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Hui SunClinical Core Laboratory, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Deon M HarveyOffice of the Scientific Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Renata C N MarchetteCenter on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Brendan J TunstallNeurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9430-9612
Bharath K ManiCenter for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Jacob E MooseSyracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
Mary R LeeClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2235-0816
Eliot GardnerNeuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Fatemeh AkhlaghiClinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA.
Marisa RobertoDepartment of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0729-3961
James L HouglandSyracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0444-1017
Jeffrey M ZigmanCenter for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
George F KoobNeurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Leandro F VendruscoloNeurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lorenzo LeggioClinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7284-8754
National Institutes of Health · USNational Institute on Drug Abuse · USSouthwestern Medical Center · USSyracuse University · USScripps Research Institute · USUniversity of Rhode Island · US

Funding

RAT RESEARCH COMPONENTP50AA007611 · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · 1987 to 2002
$5.3M
Neurobiology of AddictionZIADA000602 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · 2025 to 2025
$2.8M
Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology (CPN)ZIADA000635 · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · 2025 to 2025
$2.7M
Brain Tissue Resource Center for Alcohol ResearchR28AA012725 · UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY · 2025 to 2025
$490k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AA000218Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DA000602Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DA000635Intramural NIH HHS ZIC DA000602NCATS NIH HHS UH2 TR000963NCATS NIH HHS UH3 TR000963NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA007611NIAAA NIH HHS R28 AA012725NIDA NIH HHS K99 DA048530NIDA NIH HHS R00 DA048530NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK103884NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM134102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ghrelin is a gastric-derived peptide hormone with demonstrated impact on alcohol intake and craving, but the reverse side of this bidirectional link, that is, the effects of alcohol on the ghrelin system, remains to be fully established. To further characterize this relationship, we examined (1) ghrelin levels via secondary analysis of human laboratory alcohol administration experiments with heavy-drinking participants; (2) expression of ghrelin, ghrelin receptor, and ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) genes (GHRL, GHSR, and MBOAT4, respectively) in post-mortem brain tissue from individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) versus controls; (3) ghrelin levels in Ghsr knockout and wild-type rats following intraperitoneal (i.p.) alcohol administration; (4) effect of alcohol on ghrelin secretion from gastric mucosa cells ex vivo and GOAT enzymatic activity in vitro; and (5) ghrelin levels in rats following i.p. alcohol administration versus a calorically equivalent non-alcoholic sucrose solution. Acyl- and total-ghrelin levels decreased following acute alcohol administration in humans, but AUD was not associated with changes in central expression of ghrelin system genes in post-mortem tissue. In rats, alcohol decreased acyl-ghrelin, but not des-acyl-ghrelin, in both Ghsr knockout and wild-type rats. No dose-dependent effects of alcohol were observed on acyl-ghrelin secretion from gastric mucosa cells or on GOAT acylation activity. Lastly, alcohol and sucrose produced distinct effects on ghrelin in rats despite equivalent caloric value. Our findings suggest that alcohol acutely decreases peripheral ghrelin concentrations in vivo, but not in proportion to alcohol's caloric value or through direct interaction with ghrelin-secreting gastric mucosal cells, the ghrelin receptor, or the GOAT enzyme.

Indexed as

AnimalsBlood GlucoseEthanolGhrelinHumansMaleRatsReceptors, GhrelinSignal Transductionacyl-ghrelinBlood GlucoseEthanolGhrelinGHRL protein, humanReceptors, Ghrelinacyl-ghrelinalcoholcaloriedes-acyl-ghrelinghrelinGOAT

Identifiers

PMID33908131
PMCPMC8548413
OpenAlexW3158168493

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.