ReviewNutrients2021
Significance of Levocarnitine Treatment in Dialysis Patients.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Demand for Water-Soluble Vitamins in a Group of Patients with CKD versus Interventions and Supplementation-A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Carnitine supplements for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Involvement of impaired carnitine-induced fatty acid oxidation in experimental and human diabetic kidney disease.JCI insight · 2025Trial
- The PD Effluentome-A Multi-Omics Atlas Defining the Composition, Transport Dynamics, and Molecular Origin of Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrating mass spectrometry imaging and data-driven segmentation for spatial metabolic mapping of diabetic eye disease.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Nutritional Challenges in Hemodialysis: A Perspective from Albania.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Glomerular hyperfiltration and enhanced sensitivity to kidney ischemia reperfusion with a blunted KIM-1 response in young male aging-accelerated SAMP8 mice.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Risk factors for carnitine deficiency in critically ill adults: A descriptive cross-sectional study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Levocarnitine-Alprostadil Combination Therapy on Indicators of Renal Function, Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance, and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with End-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Article
- Protective Effects of L-Carnitine Supplement Combined with Interval Training on Kidney and Liver Function among Overweight and Obese Individuals.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Carnitine Supplementation in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients-A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Carnitine Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Insights into Sarcopenia in Dialysis Patients: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Therapeutic Approaches.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Intravenous Versus Oral Administration of Levocarnitine in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Therapeutic Approaches to Renal Anemia.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Muscle Cramps During Hemodialysis on Quality of Life and Habitual Physical Activity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Fatty Acid β-Oxidation May Be Associated with the Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Stable Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Dialysis Patients: A Challenging but Rewarding Path.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that is involved in the transport of long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondrial matrix. There, these substrates undergo β-oxidation, producing energy. The major sources of carnitine are dietary intake, although carnitine is also endogenously synthesized in the liver and kidney. However, in patients on dialysis, serum carnitine levels progressively fall due to restricted dietary intake and deprivation of endogenous synthesis in the kidney. Furthermore, serum-free carnitine is removed by hemodialysis treatment because the molecular weight of carnitine is small (161 Da) and its protein binding rates are very low. Therefore, the dialysis procedure is a major cause of carnitine deficiency in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This deficiency may contribute to several clinical disorders in such patients. Symptoms of dialysis-related carnitine deficiency include erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-resistant anemia, myopathy, muscle weakness, and intradialytic muscle cramps and hypotension. However, levocarnitine administration might replenish the free carnitine and help to increase carnitine levels in muscle. This article reviews the previous research into levocarnitine therapy in patients on maintenance dialysis for the treatment of renal anemia, cardiac dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and muscle and dialytic symptoms, and it examines the efficacy of the therapeutic approach and related issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.