ArticleCancers2021
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Increases Temozolomide Sensitivity of Three-Dimensional Glioblastoma Spheroids via Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- A dual-index framework for cold atmospheric plasma dosing: A meta-analysis of parametric control from volumetric redox flux to redox homeostatic status.Redox biology · 2026Pooled it
- Decoding glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity through mechanistic modeling: implications for clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Effects of helium cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on HT-29 cancer stem cell spheroid.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Content Modulates Chemosensitivity and Cellular Adaptation in Glioblastoma Cells.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Se-Containing Glutathione Peroxidases and Thioredoxin Reductases in Oncogenesis: Expression Paradoxes and Therapeutic Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cold Atmospheric Plasma Selectively Disrupts Breast Cancer Growth in a Bioprinted 3D Tumor-Stroma Co-Culture Model.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Review
- Cold atmospheric plasma restores fulvestrant sensitivity by inhibiting CCND3 in the drug-resistant breast cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gas Plasma Combination Therapies-Promises from Preclinical Oncology Research.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Diffusion, Uptake, and Cytotoxicity in a Glioblastoma 3D Tumour Sphere Model.Cells · 2025Article
- Cold atmospheric plasma activated media selectively affects human head and neck cancer cell lines.Oral diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Role of Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter-2 and Ascorbate in Regulating the Hypoxic Pathway in Cultured Glioblastoma Cells.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- Effect of plasma-induced oxidation on NK cell immune checkpoint ligands: A computational-experimental approach.Redox biology · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial efficacy of direct air gas soft jet plasma for the in vitro reduction of oral bacterial biofilms.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Synergistic effect of cold gas plasma and experimental drug exposure exhibits skin cancer toxicity in vitro and in vivo.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Delivery Systems for Plasma-reactive Species and their Applications in the Field of Biomedicine.Current drug delivery · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Current standard radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) yield poor clinical outcome. This is due to the stem-like properties of tumor cells and genetic abnormalities in GBM, which contribute to resistance to TMZ and progression. In this study, we used cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to enhance the sensitivity to TMZ through inhibition of antioxidant signaling (linked to TMZ resistance). We demonstrate that CAP indeed enhances the cytotoxicity of TMZ by targeting the antioxidant specific glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling. We optimized the threshold concentration of TMZ on five different GBM cell lines (U251, LN18, LN229, U87-MG and T98G). We combined TMZ with CAP and tested it on both TMZ-sensitive (U251, LN18 and LN229) and TMZ-resistant (U87-MG and T98G) cell lines using two-dimensional cell cultures. Subsequently, we used a three-dimensional spheroid model for the U251 (TMZ-sensitive) and U87-MG and T98G (TMZ-resistant) cells. The sensitivity of TMZ was enhanced, i.e., higher cytotoxicity and spheroid shrinkage was obtained when TMZ and CAP were administered together. We attribute the anticancer properties to the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species, through inhibiting the GSH/GPX4 antioxidant machinery, which can lead to DNA damage. Overall, our findings suggest that the combination of CAP with TMZ is a promising combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of TMZ towards the treatment of GBM spheroids.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.