ReviewBrain sciences2021
Effects of Combined Interventions with Aerobic Physical Exercise and Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review.
Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined exercise training to improve gait in older stroke patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Novel therapies for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review on post-stroke computerized cognitive training: Unveiling the impact of confounding factors.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Randomised active controlled trial examining effects of aerobic exercise, cognitive and music interventions on depression, balance and mobility in schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of home based computerized adaptive cognitive training in patients with post stroke cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Recognizing, managing, and preventing cognitive sequelae after stroke. A narrative review.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2026Review
- Effects of Mindfulness and Exercise on Growth Factors, Inflammation, and Stress Markers in Chronic Stroke: The MindFit Project Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Thinking About the Future of Cognitive Remediation Therapy Revisited: What Is Left to Solve Before Patients Have Access?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Article
- Duration and Efficiency of Combined versus Isolated Aerobic Training Interventions in Post-Stroke Cognition: A Systematic Review.Portuguese journal of public health · 2024Review
- PEMOCS: theory derivation of a concept for PErsonalized MOtor-Cognitive exergame training in chronic Stroke-a methodological paper with an application example.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- The Future of Neurorehabilitation: Putting the Brain and Body Together Again.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Can Early Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Protocol Improve Disability after a Hemiparetic Stroke? A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Effects and mechanisms of mindfulness training and physical exercise on cognition, emotional wellbeing, and brain outcomes in chronic stroke patients: Study protocol of the MindFit project randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: Stroke is a major cause of permanent disability in multiple functions, including the cognitive domain. Since both cognitive training and aerobic physical exercise may exert positive effects on cognition after stroke, one may expect synergistic benefits when combining both interventions. (2) Methods: We carried out a systematic search of studies testing, in adult stroke patients, whether structured aerobic exercise combined with cognitive training led to higher cognitive benefits than either of these interventions when applied singly, or than interventions not including aerobic exercise or cognitive training. (3) Results: Five fair-quality randomized controlled trials fulfilled the search criteria. Exercise intensity was moderate-vigorous and cognitive training was mainly computer-based. The studies were heterogeneous regarding the cognitive tests used, and for this reason, a meta-analysis was not performed. Only three studies included follow-up assessment. The combined intervention was associated with pre-post improvement in at least one cognitive test in all the studies, and with higher positive effects compared to other conditions (although statistical significance was not always reached) in four studies. (4) Conclusions: Further trials including a long-term follow-up and comprehensive neuropsychological testing should be undertaken to determine whether combined aerobic exercise and cognitive training leads to additive cognitive benefits after stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.