ReviewNutrients2021
Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of egg consumption on circulating choline, betaine, and trimethylamine n-oxide in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Red Meat Consumption on Circulating, Urinary, and Fecal Trimethylamine-N-Oxide: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of TMAO on the incidence and prognosis of cerebral infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Association between egg-derived phosphatidylcholine intake and trimethylamine N-oxide in healthy middle-aged and older adults.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Varying Quantities of Lean Beef as Part of a Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern on Gut Microbiota and Plasma, Fecal, and Urinary Metabolites: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Feeding Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Review
- Multi-Omics Mechanisms of Trimethylamine Oxide and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Association Between Habitual Dietary Intake and Urinary Metabolites in Adults-Results of a Population-Based Study.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Exploring the effect of gut flora on atrial fibrillation based on epidemiological history.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring Trimethylaminuria: Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2024Review
- TMAO is involved in kidney-yang deficiency syndrome diarrhea by mediating the "gut-kidney axis".Heliyon · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates cognitive dysfunction induced by femoral fracture operation in mice.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Precision nutrition-based strategy for management of human diseases and healthy aging: current progress and challenges forward.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Collection of biospecimens from parent-child dyads in a community garden-based nutrition intervention: protocol and feasibility.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- TrimethylamineNutrients · 2022Article
- Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in people with kidney failure. The aim of this review is to evaluate which foods have a greater influence on blood or urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels.
methods391 language articles were screened, and 27 were analysed and summarized for this review, using the keywords "TMAO" AND "egg" OR "meat" OR "fish" OR "dairy" OR "vegetables" OR "fruit" OR "food" in December 2020.
resultsA strong correlation between TMAO and fish consumption, mainly saltwater fish and shellfish, but not freshwater fish, has been demonstrated. Associations of the consumption of eggs, dairy and meat with TMAO are less clear and may depend on other factors such as microbiota or cooking methods. Plant-based foods do not seem to influence TMAO but have been less investigated. DISCUSSION: Consumption of saltwater fish, dark meat fish and shellfish seems to be associated with an increase in urine or plasma TMAO values. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increased risk of cardiovascular disease and plasma levels of TMAO due to fish consumption. Interventions coupled with long-term dietary patterns targeting the gut microbiota seem promising.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.