ArticleVaccines2021
A Nanoscaffolded Spike-RBD Vaccine Provides Protection against SARS-CoV-2 with Minimal Anti-Scaffold Response.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strong and early immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and rhesus macaques after BNT162b3 vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Applying principles of vaccine development to oncomicrobial vaccines.Blood advances · 2025Review
- Neuraminidase-on-a-string nanoparticles probe how antigenic distance shapes elicited humoral immunity.Research square · 2025Article
- Engineering chimeric PCSK9 for a vaccine against atherosclerosis.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Neuraminidase-on-a-string nanoparticles probe how antigenic distance shapes elicited humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 RBD Scaffolded by AP205 or TIP60 Nanoparticles and Delivered as mRNA Elicits Robust Neutralizing Antibody Responses.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Development of a self-assembling multimeric Bann-RBD fusion protein in Pichia pastoris as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Immune imprinting: The persisting influence of the first antigenic encounter with rapidly evolving viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- mRNA-based VP8* nanoparticle vaccines against rotavirus are highly immunogenic in rodents.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Rehoming and Other Refinements and Replacement in Procedures Using Golden Hamsters in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Research.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Antigen- and scaffold-specific antibody responses to protein nanoparticle immunogens.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 replication and associated inflammation by concomitant targeting of viral and host cap 2'-O-ribose methyltransferases.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- A nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate elicits broad neutralizing antibodies and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2022Article
- A Multivalent Vaccine Based on Ferritin Nanocage Elicits Potent Protective Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Advanced Materials for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2022Review
- Protein-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The response of the adaptive immune system is augmented by multimeric presentation of a specific antigen, resembling viral particles. Several vaccines have been designed based on natural or designed protein scaffolds, which exhibited a potent adaptive immune response to antigens; however, antibodies are also generated against the scaffold, which may impair subsequent vaccination. In order to compare polypeptide scaffolds of different size and oligomerization state with respect to their efficiency, including anti-scaffold immunity, we compared several strategies of presentation of the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, an antigen aiming to generate neutralizing antibodies. A comparison of several genetic fusions of RBD to different nanoscaffolding domains (foldon, ferritin, lumazine synthase, and β-annulus peptide) delivered as DNA plasmids demonstrated a strongly augmented immune response, with high titers of neutralizing antibodies and a robust T-cell response in mice. Antibody titers and virus neutralization were most potently enhanced by fusion to the small β-annulus peptide scaffold, which itself triggered a minimal response in contrast to larger scaffolds. The β-annulus fused RBD protein increased residence in lymph nodes and triggered the most potent viral neutralization in immunization by a recombinant protein. Results of the study support the use of a nanoscaffolding platform using the β-annulus peptide for vaccine design.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.