ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry
Biochemistry of nicotine metabolism and its relevance to lung cancer.
Review in The Journal of biological chemistry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Naturally Derived Substances That Act as Inhibitors of the Nicotine Metabolizing Enzyme Cytochrome P450 2A6.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Nicotine metabolites generate craniofacial defects that are worsened by ethanol exposure.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Barbershop-based lung health navigation for Black men: A feasibility study.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Integrating network toxicology, machine learning, and single-cell sequencing systems to analyze autophagy core genes in lung adenocarcinoma.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- E‑Cigarettes Generate Gas Phase Ions.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Cinnamon Product on CYP2A6 Substrate Drugs: Application of a Novel Tool Involving the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Faster CYP2A6 increases COPD and lung cancer risk by increasing smoking quantity: a mediated mendelian randomization and observational mediation study.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- Newborn metabolomic perturbations associated with prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and early birth.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Novel CYP2A7/CYP2A6 germline hybrids associated with mutation burden in lung cancer revealed by whole-genome long-read sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterizing oxidative metabolites of 6-methylnicotine (6MN; aka Metatine): divergent metabolism from nicotine and identification of urinary biomarkers of exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at the Arg399Gln Locus of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nicotine from a Different Angle: Biological Effects from a Psychoneuroimmunological Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Adverse Effects of Nicotine on Human Sperm Nuclear Proteins.The world journal of men's health · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of global and Chinese trends in the burden of ischemic stroke attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990-2021.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Effect of Nicotine on Pulmonary Pathogenic Bacteria.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Methoxsalen Inhibits the Acquisition of Nicotine Self-Administration: Attenuation by Cotinine Replacement in Male Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure with Lung Cancer Risk in African American and White Cigarette Smokers in the Southern Community Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Determination of Cotinine, 3'-Hydroxycotinine and Nicotine 1'-Oxide in Urine of Passive and Active Young Smokers by LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS Technique.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nicotine is the key addictive constituent of tobacco. It is not a carcinogen, but it drives smoking and the continued exposure to the many carcinogens present in tobacco. The investigation into nicotine biotransformation has been ongoing for more than 60 years. The dominant pathway of nicotine metabolism in humans is the formation of cotinine, which occurs in two steps. The first step is cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) 2A6-catalyzed 5'-oxidation to an iminium ion, and the second step is oxidation of the iminium ion to cotinine. The half-life of nicotine is longer in individuals with low P450 2A6 activity, and smokers with low activity often decrease either the intensity of their smoking or the number of cigarettes they use compared with those with "normal" activity. The effect of P450 2A6 activity on smoking may influence one's tobacco-related disease risk. This review provides an overview of nicotine metabolism and a summary of the use of nicotine metabolite biomarkers to define smoking dose. Some more recent findings, for example, the identification of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 2B10 as the catalyst of nicotine N-glucuronidation, are discussed. We also describe epidemiology studies that establish the contribution of nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 genotype to lung cancer risk, particularly with respect to specific racial/ethnic groups, such as those with Japanese, African, or European ancestry. We conclude that a model of nicotine metabolism and smoking dose could be combined with other lung cancer risk variables to more accurately identify former smokers at the highest risk of lung cancer and to intervene accordingly.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.