ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Pharmacokinetics of Anthraquinones from Medicinal Plants.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translational Pharmaceutical Perspectives on Quinones as Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Agents in Diabetes and Its Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Biotransformation-guided production of quinalizarin as an antibacterial agent against Acinetobacter baumannii.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Biological activities and metabolic profile of crude extracts from two Nigrospora sp. isolates.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Chrysophanol ameliorates ferroptosis in acute kidney injury by promoting SIRT3-mediated NRF2 deacetylation.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Anthraquinone-Loaded Liposomes for TAM Reprogramming in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Rationale, Delivery Logic, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Phytochemistry, Bioavailability, and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Multitarget Anticancer Activity ofNutrients · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics Insights Into Anthraquinone Biosynthesis in Rheum tanguticum.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Halogenated anthraquinones in breast cancer therapy: Structural modifications targeting VEGF-related angiogenesis pathways.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Anthraquinones Inhibit Insulin Amyloidosis in Crowded Environments.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Berberine-Mediated BCRP Inhibition Enhances Systemic Exposure of Rhein: A Study to Unravel the Pharmacokinetic Basis of Synergy in Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi Decoction.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Alizarin induces a multidirectional mechanism of anti-cancer action in cervical cancer and prostate cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emodin and the Anthraquinone Scaffold: Therapeutic Promise and Strategies to Overcome Translational Barriers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Study on the processing transformation law of CATR and ATR in Xanthii Fructus and the metabolomics mechanism of their transformation products in LO2 cells.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Ruberythric Acid in Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function Reduction.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2026Article
- Bioactive components of medicinal-food homology substances alleviating constipation via gut microbiota modulation: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Review on the Toxicity of Five Main AQ Constituents from Rhubarb: Mechanisms, Challenges and Future Perspectives.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Development of a High Anthraquinone-ProducingACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights into the multi-target anti-atherosclerotic actions of rhubarb: a traditional remedy revisited.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Redefining Chemoresistance: Natural Bioactives as Molecular Modulators at the Cancer-Tumor Microenvironment Interface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emodin influences pyroptosis-related Caspase 1-GSDMD axis alleviated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anthraquinones are bioactive natural products, some of which are active components in medicinal medicines, especially Chinese medicines. These compounds exert actions including purgation, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, antihyperlipidemia, and anticancer effects. This study aimed to review the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of anthraquinones, which are importantly associated with their pharmacological and toxicological effects. Anthraquinones are absorbed mainly in intestines. The absorption rates of free anthraquinones are faster than those of their conjugated glycosides because of the higher liposolubility. A fluctuation in blood concentration and two absorption peaks of anthraquinones may result from the hepato-intestinal circulation, reabsorption, and transformation. Anthraquinones are widely distributed throughout the body, mainly in blood-flow rich organs and tissues, such as blood, intestines, stomach, liver, lung, kidney, and fat. The metabolic pathways of anthraquinones are hydrolysis, glycuronidation, sulfation, methylation/demethylation, hydroxylation/dehydroxylation, oxidation/reduction (hydrogenation), acetylation and esterification by intestinal flora and liver metabolic enzymes, among which hydrolysis, glycuronidation and sulfation are dominant. Of note, anthraquinones can be transformed into each other. The main excretion routes for anthraquinones are the kidney, recta, and gallbladder. Conclusion: Some anthraquinones and their glycosides, such as aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rhein and sennosides, have attracted the most PK research interest due to their more biological activities and/or detectability. Anthraquinones are mainly absorbed in the intestines and are mostly distributed in blood flow-rich tissues and organs. Transformation into another anthraquinone may increase the blood concentration of the latter, leading to an increased pharmacological and/or toxicological effect. Drug-drug interactions influencing PK may provide insights into drug compatibility theory to enhance or reduce pharmacological/toxicological effects in Chinese medicine formulae and deserve deep investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.