ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Agitation and Dementia: Prevention and Treatment Strategies in Acute and Chronic Conditions.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing professional caregiver burden related to patient agitation in dementia: A systematic review of measurement scales.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Pooled it
- Detecting agitation and aggression in persons living with dementia: a systematic review of diagnostic accuracy.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of light therapy on sleep disorders and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Physical Violence and Aggression in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison PsychiatryPooled it
- Digital biomarkers for early agitation detection in dementia: a scoping review of emerging wearable and smart technologies for personalized care.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Escitalopram for agitation in Alzheimer's dementia: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Evaluating the Impact of Virtual Reality on the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Quality of Life of Inpatients With Dementia in Acute Care: Randomized Controlled Trial (VRCT).Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Influence of a Multifaceted Nursing Practice Bundle to Support Hospitalised Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Exploring Current Emergency Medical Services Approaches to Manage Agitated Older Adult Patients: An Analysis of Statewide Protocols.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Anomaly Detection Technologies for Dementia Care: Monitoring Goals, Sensor Applications, and Trade-offs in Home-Based Solutions-A Narrative Review.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Review
- Agitation Severity and Psychotropic Prescription in Acute Patients With Delirium Superimposed on Dementia.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2026Article
- Targeting Pain and Depression in Alzheimer's Disease: Translational Insights and Emerging Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Deep learning approach to super-resolution correction of brain MRI motion artifacts for accurate hippocampal volumetry.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacological management of agitation in dementia: An evidence-based review with expert consensus.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Review
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients with multiple myeloma regarding venous thromboembolism: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- The morphometric features derived as the predictors of acute ischemic stroke recurrence.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Agitation in Alzheimer's disease: From assessment to therapeutics.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Neuropsychiatric symptom phenotypes for early detection of risk in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Professional Support Through a Tailor-Made Mobile App to Reduce Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Agitation is a behavioral syndrome characterized by increased, often undirected, motor activity, restlessness, aggressiveness, and emotional distress. According to several observations, agitation prevalence ranges from 30 to 50% in Alzheimer's disease, 30% in dementia with Lewy bodies, 40% in frontotemporal dementia, and 40% in vascular dementia (VaD). With an overall prevalence of about 30%, agitation is the third most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, after apathy and depression, and it is even more frequent (80%) in residents of nursing homes. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying agitation is represented by a frontal lobe dysfunction, mostly involving the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), respectively, meaningful in selecting the salient stimuli and subsequent decision-making and behavioral reactions. Furthermore, increased sensitivity to noradrenergic signaling has been observed, possibly due to a frontal lobe up-regulation of adrenergic receptors, as a reaction to the depletion of noradrenergic neurons within the locus coeruleus (LC). Indeed, LC neurons mainly project toward the OFC and ACC. These observations may explain the abnormal reactivity to weak stimuli and the global arousal found in many patients who have dementia. Furthermore, agitation can be precipitated by several factors, e.g., the sunset or low lighted environments as in the sundown syndrome, hospitalization, the admission to nursing residencies, or changes in pharmacological regimens. In recent days, the global pandemic has increased agitation incidence among dementia patients and generated higher distress levels in patients and caregivers. Hence, given the increasing presence of this condition and its related burden on society and the health system, the present point of view aims at providing an extensive guide to facilitate the identification, prevention, and management of acute and chronic agitation in dementia patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.