Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33942016›Full record

ArticleNeuroethics2021

Recommendations for Responsible Development and Application of Neurotechnologies.

Sara Goering, Eran Klein, Laura Specker Sullivan, Anna Wexler, Blaise Agüera Y Arcas, Guoqiang Bi, Jose M Carmena, Joseph J Fins, Phoebe Friesen, Jack Gallant and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuroethics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The foundational role of autonomy for brain-computer interfaces.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026
    Article
  2. Brain-Hype and For-Profit Medical Devices.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2026
    Article
  3. Ethical Precision in Nanoscale Brain Interfacing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. AI product liability under EU and Canadian laws.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Neurotechnologies, Ethics, and the Limits of Free Will.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Sara GoeringUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1882-3764
Eran KleinUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.
Laura Specker SullivanFordham University, New York, NY USA.
Anna WexlerUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Blaise Agüera Y ArcasGoogle, Mountain View, CA USA.
Guoqiang BiUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Jose M CarmenaUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA USA.
Joseph J FinsWeill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY USA.
Phoebe FriesenMcGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Jack GallantUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA USA.
Jane E HugginsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
Philipp KellmeyerUniversity Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Adam MarblestoneFederation of American Scientists, Washington, DC USA.
Christine MitchellHarvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
Erik ParensThe Hastings Center, Philipstown, Garrison, NY USA.
Michelle PhamUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.
Alan RubelUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA.
Norihiro SadatoNational Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi Japan.
Mina TeicherBar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
David WassermanUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Meredith WhittakerGoogle, Mountain View, CA USA.
Jonathan WolpawNational Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Albany, NY USA.
Rafael YusteColumbia University, New York City, NY USA.

Funding

Training and DisseminationP41EB018783 · NIBIB · WADSWORTH CENTER · PI Jonathan Rickel Wolpaw · 2014 to 2026
$15.4M
Dynamics and Causal Functions of Large-Scale Cortical and Subcortical NetworksU01NS108916 · NINDS · WADSWORTH CENTER · PI WOLPAW, JONATHAN RICKEL · 2018 to 2019
$1.4M
CSRD VA I01 CX001812NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB018783NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS108916
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Advancements in novel neurotechnologies, such as brain computer interfaces (BCI) and neuromodulatory devices such as deep brain stimulators (DBS), will have profound implications for society and human rights. While these technologies are improving the diagnosis and treatment of mental and neurological diseases, they can also alter individual agency and estrange those using neurotechnologies from their sense of self, challenging basic notions of what it means to be human. As an international coalition of interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners, we examine these challenges and make recommendations to mitigate negative consequences that could arise from the unregulated development or application of novel neurotechnologies. We explore potential ethical challenges in four key areas: identity and agency, privacy, bias, and enhancement. To address them, we propose (1) democratic and inclusive summits to establish globally-coordinated ethical and societal guidelines for neurotechnology development and application, (2) new measures, including "Neurorights," for data privacy, security, and consent to empower neurotechnology users' control over their data, (3) new methods of identifying and preventing bias, and (4) the adoption of public guidelines for safe and equitable distribution of neurotechnological devices.

Indexed as

AgencyBiasEnhancementIdentityPrivacyPublic policy

Identifiers

PMID33942016
PMCPMC8081770

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.