ReviewCells2021
Anti-VEGF-Resistant Retinal Diseases: A Review of the Latest Treatment Options.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05736081 (Short-term Effect of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema), which is not on this map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short-term Effect of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interferons in vitreoretinal diseases; a review on their clinical application, and mechanism of action.International ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Adenosine receptor signaling in vascular diseases: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Wnt Pathway Agonism as a Therapeutic Strategy for Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Narrative Review of Evidence to Date.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Adoption patterns of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies in retinal disease.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Effects of Curcumin on Inflammation in a Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Brolucizumab in the Treatment of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Kaempferol's Therapeutic Applications and Mechanistic Insights in Ocular Diseases: Current Progress, Challenges, and Translational Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Reno-ocular syndromes: pathophysiological mechanisms linking kidney and ocular disorders.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Faricimab in Treatment-Naïve nAMD: Regional UK Real-World Experience.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- A novel Tie2xVEGF bispecific antibody fusion demonstrates enhanced therapeutic efficacy through direct Tie2 activation and VEGF neutralization.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Circulating natural killer cells are phenotypically and functionally altered in age-related macular degeneration.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in diabetic macular edema: Expanding clinical vision.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Switch to faricimab in various retinal diseases: real-world data.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for posterior segment diseases: Progress, challenges, and the road ahead.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- The evolving role of artificial intelligence in optimizing treatment and patient selection in diabetic macular edema.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Carbon Monoxide Therapy: Evidence and Prospects for Preventing and Treating Retinal Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Icariin alleviates corneal neovascularization by regulating inflammation through inhibition of macrophage polarization and the NF-κB pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Agents Versus Corticosteroids in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Comparative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Anti-VEGF Therapies in Retinal Disorders: Current Landscape and Future Directions.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy currently plays a central role in the treatment of numerous retinal diseases, most notably exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD), diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusions. While offering significant functional and anatomic benefits in most patients, there exists a subset of 15-40% of eyes that fail to respond or only partially respond. For these cases, various treatment options have been explored with a range of outcomes. These options include steroid injections, laser treatment (both thermal therapy for retinal vascular diseases and photodynamic therapy for eAMD), abbreviated anti-VEGF treatment intervals, switching anti-VEGF agents and topical medications. In this article, we review the effectiveness of these treatment options along with a discussion of the current research into future directions for anti-VEGF-resistant eyes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.