Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33958600›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2021

Age-related macular degeneration.

Monika Fleckenstein, Tiarnán D L Keenan, Robyn H Guymer, Usha Chakravarthy, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Caroline C Klaver, Wai T Wong, Emily Y Chew

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06022744 (An Exploratory Clinical Trial Evaluating LX109 Gene Therapy in Patients With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration), which is not on this map. Cited by 593 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
593citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
108.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06022744 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

An Exploratory Clinical Trial Evaluating LX109 Gene Therapy in Patients With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (nAMD)

TypeinterventionalSponsorShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRan2023 to 2027Enrolled12ConditionsTo Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Intravitreal Injection of LX109 in Patients With nAMDArmsLX109
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

593 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 878 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Intraocular delivery of crystalline sorafenib provides sustained, potent inhibition of wet age-related macular degeneration.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
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  20. AAV-NRF2 protects retinal and choroidal vasculature in a GDF15-dependent manner in an oxidative damage model of AMD.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article

533 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.

Monika FleckensteinDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. monika.fleckenstein@hsc.utah.edu.
Tiarnán D L KeenanDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2253-1772
Robyn H GuymerCentre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9441-4356
Usha ChakravarthyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2606-3734
Steffen Schmitz-ValckenbergDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Caroline C KlaverDepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Wai T WongSection on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Emily Y ChewDivision of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. echew@nei.nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0003-0999-9802
National Institutes of Health · USQueen's University Belfast · GBRadboud University Nijmegen · NLThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversity of Bonn · DEUniversity of Utah · US

Funding

University of Utah, Core Vision Research GrantP30EY014800 · NEI · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI Jun Yang · 2005 to 2026
$14.6M
NEI NIH HHS EY014800NEI NIH HHS P30 EY014800
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the industrialized world. AMD is characterized by accumulation of extracellular deposits, namely drusen, along with progressive degeneration of photoreceptors and adjacent tissues. AMD is a multifactorial disease encompassing a complex interplay between ageing, environmental risk factors and genetic susceptibility. Chronic inflammation, lipid deposition, oxidative stress and impaired extracellular matrix maintenance are strongly implicated in AMD pathogenesis. However, the exact interactions of pathophysiological events that culminate in drusen formation and the associated degeneration processes remain to be elucidated. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care and in unravelling pathophysiological mechanisms, the unmet medical need related to AMD remains substantial. Although there have been major breakthroughs in the treatment of exudative AMD, no efficacious treatment is yet available to prevent progressive irreversible photoreceptor degeneration, which leads to central vision loss. Compelling progress in high-resolution retinal imaging has enabled refined phenotyping of AMD in vivo. These insights, in combination with clinicopathological and genetic correlations, have underscored the heterogeneity of AMD. Hence, our current understanding promotes the view that AMD represents a disease spectrum comprising distinct phenotypes with different mechanisms of pathogenesis. Hence, tailoring therapeutics to specific phenotypes and stages may, in the future, be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.

Indexed as

Macular DegenerationAgingBlindnessHumansOxidative Stress

Identifiers

PMID33958600
PMCPMC12878645
OpenAlexW4211199473

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.