ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Age-Related Changes in Thymic Central Tolerance.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aire and Fezf2 Shape the Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Immunopeptidome for Central Tolerance.Immunology · 2026Review
- Analysis of Human Thymopoiesis Reveals Rapid Postnatal Remodeling of Thymocytes Within the First 3 Months of Life.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Morphometric analysis of the thymic epithelial cell network using integrated and orthogonal digital pathology approaches.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Proteasome inhibition promotes Foxn1 expression in thymic epithelial cells and induces thymic regeneration in mice.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence shapes the tumor immune microenvironment and limits PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy in older patients with cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Developmental hematopoiesis: innate programming of αβ T cells.Experimental hematology · 2026Review
- Multifaceted regulation of thymic tolerance by pattern recognition cascades.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Age-dependent Zap70 expression in thymocytes regulates selection of the neonatal regulatory T cell repertoire.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Cancer cachexia-related monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells impair T-cell negative selection and predict immune-related adverse events.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Article
- Dendritic Cells: Origin, Classification, Development, Biological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.MedComm · 2025Review
- Features of Peripheral T Cell Remigration into the Thymus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Associations Between Regulatory Immune Cells, Thymus Cellular Remodeling, and Vascular Aging in Advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Parkinson's disease: exploring the systemic immune mechanisms through molecular investigations.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Intrathymic Regulation of Dendritic Cell Subsets and Their Contributions to Central Tolerance.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Insulin-like growth factor 2 as a driving force for exponential expansion and differentiation of the neonatal thymus.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- T Cell Development: From T-Lineage Specification to Intrathymic Maturation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Antigen presentation for central tolerance induction.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Generation and repair of thymic epithelial cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and hematopoietic antigen presenting cells (HAPCs) in the thymus microenvironment provide essential signals to self-reactive thymocytes that induce either negative selection or generation of regulatory T cells (Treg), both of which are required to establish and maintain central tolerance throughout life. HAPCs and TECs are comprised of multiple subsets that play distinct and overlapping roles in central tolerance. Changes that occur in the composition and function of TEC and HAPC subsets across the lifespan have potential consequences for central tolerance. In keeping with this possibility, there are age-associated changes in the cellular composition and function of T cells and Treg. This review summarizes changes in T cell and Treg function during the perinatal to adult transition and in the course of normal aging, and relates these changes to age-associated alterations in thymic HAPC and TEC subsets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.