ReviewWorld journal of cardiology2021
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in cardiovascular patients.
Review in World journal of cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of Cardiologists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Calcium Channel Blocker-Induced Gingival Overgrowth.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
- Social media data and its potential for pharmacovigilance: a comparative analysis of reported prevalences regarding drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO).Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplants patients.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- Cyclosporine A Causes Gingival Overgrowth by Promoting Entry into the S Phase at the G1/S Cell Cycle Checkpoint in Gingival Fibroblasts Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Novel Insights into Amlodipine-Induced Gingival Enlargement: A Clinical and Molecular Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Disease in Diabetic Patients in South Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Periodontal changes induced by fixed orthodontic therapy.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2024Article
- 18‑α‑glycyrrhetinic acid induces apoptosis in gingival fibroblasts exposed to phenytoin.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Cyclosporine A causes gingival overgrowth via reduced G1 cell cycle arrest in gingival fibroblasts.PloS one · 2024Article
- Cyclosporine-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia in a Patient With Lichen Planopilaris: Misfortunes Never Come Singly!Cureus · 2023Article
- The link between immunity and hypertension in the kidney and heart.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Bibliometric analysis of research trends and characteristics of drug-induced gingival overgrowth.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a pathological growth of gingival tissue, primarily associated with calcium channel blockers and immunosuppressants. Consequently, it is mainly seen in cardiovascular and transplanted patients. Nifedipine remains the main calcium channel blocker related to the development of this unpleasant side-effect. As for immunosuppressants, cyclosporin is the leading causative agent, whereas other drugs from this drug-group, including tacrolimus, have better safety profiles. Accumulated collagen with inflammatory infiltrates is the histological hallmark of this condition. Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis and can increase the risk, such as male gender, younger age, pre-existing periodontal inflammation, and concomitant use of other DIGO-inducing medications. Patients with DIGO may experience severe discomfort, trouble with speech and mastication, pain, and teeth loss, aside from cosmetic implications. Furthermore, these patients also have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The interdisciplinary approach and cooperation with dental care experts are necessary for patient management. Treatment includes discontinuing the drug and switching to one with a better profile, improving oral hygiene, and surgical removal of enlarged tissue. Recognizing the potential of commonly used medications to cause DIGO and its effect on patients' health is necessary for early detection and adequate management of this complication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.