Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2021
Biomarkers and Fatty Fish Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Norwegian Preschool Children.
Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02331667 (The Effect of Diet on Learning Abilities for Children in Kindergarden), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Diet on Learning Abilities for Children in Kindergarden
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of fish consumption on micronutrient status of children.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Measuring dietary intake in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the methods and tools for estimating fish and seafood intake.Nutrition reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Salmon Food-Specific Compounds and Their Metabolites Increase in Human Plasma and Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Health Indicators Following a Mediterranean-Style Diet Intervention.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Salmon fish protein supplement increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Lipidomic analyses of large cohort studies define the role of lipid metabolism in bridging diet and cardio-metabolic health.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Investigation of Potential Food Intake Biomarkers by LC-MS/MS: Suitability Under Conditions Close to Everyday Live.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Metabolomic analysis identifies alterations of amino acids in the tears and plasma of patients with dry eye disease with ocular pain.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Future of Obesity Management through Precision Nutrition: Putting the Individual at the Center.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Relationship between oily fish intake and breast cancer based on estrogen receptor status: a Mendelian randomization study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Fish consumption and its lipid modifying effects - A review of intervention studies.Neurotoxicology · 2023Review
- Associations of Diet with Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Its Precursors among Free-Living 10-Year-Old Children: Data from SMBCS.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBiomarkers such as omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), 1-methylhistidine (1-MH), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been associated with fish intake in observational studies, but data from children in randomized controlled trials are limited.
objectivesThe objective of this exploratory analysis was to investigate the effects of fatty fish intake compared with meat intake on various biomarkers in preschool children.
methodsWe randomly allocated (1:1) 232 children, aged 4 to 6 y, from 13 kindergartens. The children received lunch meals of either fatty fish (herring/mackerel) or meat (chicken/lamb/beef) 3 times a week for 16 wk. We analyzed 86 biomarkers in plasma (n = 207), serum (n = 195), RBCs (n = 211), urine (n = 200), and hair samples (n = 210). We measured the effects of the intervention on the normalized biomarker concentrations in linear mixed-effect regression models taking the clustering within the kindergartens into account. The results are presented as standardized effect sizes.
resultsWe found significant effects of the intervention on the following biomarkers: RBC EPA (20:5n-3), 0.61 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.86); DHA (22:6n-3), 0.43 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.66); total n-3 PUFAs, 0.41 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.64); n-3/n-6 ratio, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.71); adrenic acid (22:4n-6, -0.65 (95% CI: -0.91, -0.40), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), -0.54 (95% CI: -0.79, -0.28); total n-6 PUFAs, -0.31 (95% CI: -0.56, -0.06); UIC, 0.32 (95% CI: 0.052, 0.59); hair mercury, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.05, 1.05); and plasma 1-MH, -0.35 (95% CI: -0.61, -0.094).
conclusionsOf the 86 biomarkers, the strongest effect of fatty fish intake was on n-3 PUFAs, UIC, hair mercury, and plasma 1-MH. We observed no or limited effects on biomarkers related to micronutrient status, inflammation, or essential amino acid, choline oxidation, and tryptophan pathways.The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02331667).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.