ReviewPain reports2021
Role of microglia and P2X4 receptors in chronic pain.
Review in Pain reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium signaling in microglial immune functions: current understanding and implications for disease.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture and P2X receptors: purinergic mechanisms in pain modulation : A narrative review with structured evidence mapping.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Review
- Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Low Back Pain: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Translational Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture alleviates Parkinson's disease-related pain by inhibiting microglial NLRP3-ASC inflammasome in the amygdala.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune regulation of visceral pain: roles of microglia, purinergic signaling, and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clodronate: The Influence on ATP Purinergic Signaling.Current rheumatology reviews · 2026Review
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Pain Chronification: Neuroimmune Rationale, Evidence Boundaries, and Trial Design Priorities: A Structured Narrative Review.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Slow Releasing CO Donor Modulates Susceptibility to Seizures in Rats with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Behavioral and EEG Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
- Discovery of an allosteric binding site for anthraquinones at the human P2X4 receptor.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Is TREM2 a Stretch: Implications of TREM2 Along Spinal Cord Circuits in Health, Aging, Injury, and Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Schwann cells transplantation improves nerve injury and alleviates neuropathic pain in rats.Purinergic signalling · 2025Article
- The Synergistic Effect of Heat Therapy and Electroacupuncture Treatment in Inflammatory Pain Mouse Models.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Changes in P2X4 receptor expression following AbobotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients with chronic migraine: A case series study.Current journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Microglia-Astrocyte Interactions in Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Remifentanil-Induced Hyperalgesia in Rats by Modulating the P2 X 4/BDNF Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment and Purinergic Signaling: Implications for Novel Therapies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and pain.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Focus on P2X7R in microglia: its mechanism of action and therapeutic prospects in various neuropathic pain models.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pain plays an indispensable role as an alarm system to protect us from dangers or injuries. However, neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition caused by damage to the nervous system, persists for a long period even in the absence of dangerous stimuli or after injuries have healed. In this condition, pain becomes a disease itself rather than the alarm system and is often resistant to currently available medications. A growing body of evidence indicates that microglia, a type of macrophages residing in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Whenever microglia in the spinal cord detect a damaging signal within the nervous system, they become activated and cause diverse alterations that change neural excitability, leading to the development of neuropathic pain. For over a decade, several lines of molecular and cellular mechanisms that define microglial activation and subsequently altered pain transmission have been proposed. In particular, P2X4 receptors (a subtype of purinergic receptors) expressed by microglia have been investigated as an essential molecule for neuropathic pain. In this review article, we describe our understanding of the mechanisms by which activated microglia cause neuropathic pain through P2X4 receptors, their involvement in several pathological contexts, and recent efforts to develop new drugs targeting microglia and P2X4 receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.