ArticlePloS one2021
Studies of involvement of G-protein coupled receptor-3 in cannabidiol effects on inflammatory responses of mouse primary astrocytes and microglia.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- GPR3 in neuro-metabolic-immune-reproductive nexus - a potential therapeutic target for Multi-System diseases.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond neurons: Impact of cannabidiol on glial cells in ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Effects of phytocannabinoids, synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids on microglia and astrocytes: Review of neuroinflammatory mechanisms.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Review
- STAT3 Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury: Neurochemical Mechanisms Linking Neuroinflammation, Mitochondrial Stress, and Glial Remodeling.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- GPR3 Ligands Discovered through Combined Virtual and Conformational Biosensor-Based Screening.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol and other non-psychotropic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa as therapeutics for microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
- The Role and Mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptors in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Mice deficient of G-protein coupled receptor 3 (GPR3) developed severe experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through increased effector T cell activities.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Full-Spectrum Low-THCBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Effects of systemic inflammation on the network oscillation in the anterior cingulate cortex and cognitive behavior.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effect of Cannabidiol in LPS-Induced Toxicity in Astrocytes: Possible Role for Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors.Neurotoxicity research · 2023Article
- Development of Fluorescent AF64394 Analogues Enables Real-Time Binding Studies for the Orphan Class A GPCR GPR3.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Effects of Cannabidiol on Innate Immunity: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Enhancing axonal myelination in seniors: A review exploring the potential impact cannabis has on myelination in the aged brain.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cannabinoids in Late Life Parkinson's Disease and Dementia: Biological Pathways and Clinical Challenges.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Cannabidiol Exerts a Neuroprotective and Glia-Balancing Effect in the Subacute Phase of Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Neuroprotection of Cannabidiol, Its Synthetic Derivatives and Combination Preparations against Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Endothelial Cells Mediated by UCP2 Control the Neurogenic-to-Astrogenic Neural Stem Cells Fate Switch During Brain Development.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- The role of microglial autophagy in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties and is suggested to be effective in the pre-clinical and clinical treatment of illnesses of the central nervous system (CNS). Two major types of CNS glial cells, astrocytes and microglia, play critical roles in the development and pathogenesis of CNS diseases. However, the mechanisms by which CBD plays an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role for these glial cells have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of CBD on the inflammatory response of mouse primary astrocytes and microglia. We also investigated whether the effect of CBD on cytokine release is mediated by the G protein coupled receptor 3 (GPR3), which was recently identified as a novel receptor for CBD. Our results showed that CBD inhibited inflammatory responses of astrocytes and microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CBD reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. However, the inhibitory effect of CBD on pro-inflammatory cytokine production was independent of GPR3 expression in both types of glial cells. Thus, although CBD is effective in ameliorating the activation of astrocytes and microglia, its mechanism of action still requires further study. Our data support the concept that CBD may have therapeutic potential for neurological disorders that involve neuroinflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.