Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33984170›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2021

Transparent, Compliant 3D Mesostructures for Precise Evaluation of Mechanical Characteristics of Organoids.

Hanjun Ryu, Yoonseok Park, Haiwen Luan, Gokhan Dalgin, Kira Jeffris, Hong-Joon Yoon, Ted S Chung, Jong Uk Kim, Sung Soo Kwak, Geumbee Lee and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Three-dimensional microelectrode arrays forBiomedical engineering letters · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Liquid Metals for Reconfigurable Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  4. TheMaterials today. Bio · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Multiscale Construction, Evaluation, and Application of Organoids.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Opportunities and Challenges of Brain-on-a-Chip Interfaces.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Hanjun RyuQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-9661
Yoonseok ParkQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-0986
Haiwen LuanQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Gokhan DalginSection of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Kira JeffrisDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
Hong-Joon YoonQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-3192
Ted S ChungQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Jong Uk KimQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Sung Soo KwakQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Geumbee LeeQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Hyoyoung JeongQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Jihye KimQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-8640
Wubin BaiDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Joohee KimQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Yei Hwan JungDepartment of Electronic Engineering Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Andrew K TrybaQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Joseph W SongDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Yonggang HuangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Louis H PhilipsonDepartment of Medicine and Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
John D FinanDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
John A RogersQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3830-5980

Funding

Pilot and Feasibility ProgramP30DK020595 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI RONALD N COHEN · 2013 to 2026
$20.9M
Novel tools for in vitro electrophysiology and neurotrauma modelingR01NS113935 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI FINAN, JOHN D · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
Enabling Technology for a Biomimetic Artificial Retinal Chemical Synapse ChipR21EB028069 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI FINAN, JOHN D · 2019 to 2020
$639k
CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPOTHALAMO-LYMPHO--THYROID AXISR01NS028069 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BR GALVESTON · PI CHAN, LEE-NIEN L · 1990 to 1992
–
Army Research Office W911NF-19-2-0169German Research Foundation PA 3154/1-1MRSEC program NSF DMR-1720139National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke R01NS113935National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke R21EB028069National Research Foundatino of Korea NRF-2019R1A6A3A12031359National Science Foundation CMMI1635443NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB028069NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020595NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113935SHyNE Resource ECCS-1542205
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recently developed methods for transforming 2D patterns of thin-film materials into 3D mesostructures create many interesting opportunities in microsystems design. A growing area of interest is in multifunctional thermal, electrical, chemical, and optical interfaces to biological tissues, particularly 3D multicellular, millimeter-scale constructs, such as spheroids, assembloids, and organoids. Herein, examples of 3D mechanical interfaces are presented, in which thin ribbons of parylene-C form the basis of transparent, highly compliant frameworks that can be reversibly opened and closed to capture, envelop, and mechanically restrain fragile 3D tissues in a gentle, nondestructive manner, for precise measurements of viscoelastic properties using techniques in nanoindentation. Finite element analysis serves as a design tool to guide selection of geometries and material parameters for shape-matching 3D architectures tailored to organoids of interest. These computational approaches also quantitate all aspects of deformations during the processes of opening and closing the structures and of forces imparted by them onto the surfaces of enclosed soft tissues. Studies of cerebral organoids by nanoindentation show effective Young's moduli in the range from 1.5 to 2.5 kPa depending on the age of the organoid. This collection of results suggests broad utility of compliant 3D mesostructures in noninvasive mechanical measurements of millimeter-scale, soft biological tissues.

Indexed as

Finite Element AnalysisOrganoidsAnimalsElastic ModulusHumansMechanical PhenomenaXylenesXylenes3D mesostructuresmechanical bucklingorganoidsviscoelastic properties, Young's modulus

Identifiers

PMID33984170
PMCPMC8719419

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.